Speaker Connection Detection in Class D Audio Output Circuits

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for determining speaker connection in class D power amplifiers face challenges due to high-frequency components increasing output current levels, leading to erroneous determinations, and delays in digital-to-analog conversion complicating accurate comparisons between input and output current levels.

Innovation Solution

The sound output device employs first and second low-pass filters to remove high-frequency components from input and output signals, followed by peak detection units to compare peak currents within specific periods, using a comparison unit to determine speaker connection or disconnection based on threshold ratios or differences, with a level check unit controlling comparisons when input levels are low.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If class D power amplifier with PWM signal is used, then amplification efficiency is improved, but output current increases at high frequencies causing erroneous connection determination

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveamplification efficiencyVSAvoidspeaker connection detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the problematic high-frequency PWM signal from the output signal before comparison. A filter is applied to eliminate the high-frequency component, leaving only the audible range signal for accurate connection determination. This separates the useful audio signal from the harmful high-frequency component that causes erroneous detection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary filtering process between the power amplifier output and the connection determination logic. The filter acts as a mediator that transforms the PWM signal into a form suitable for accurate comparison, eliminating the direct harmful effect of high-frequency components on the detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Adaptability or versatility

If digital-to-analog conversion is used in power amplifier, then signal processing capability is improved, but signal delay occurs causing comparison errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal processing capabilityVSAvoidsignal delay
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary filtering to both the input and output signals before comparison. By pre-processing both signals through identical filtering operations, the system compensates for the conversion delay inherent in digital-to-analog conversion, ensuring that the comparison is made between equivalent signal representations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If continuous speaker connection monitoring is implemented, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidamplifier complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the existing power amplifier multi-functional by integrating speaker connection determination capabilities into the amplifier's existing signal processing path. The same amplifier circuit that performs audio amplification also performs connection monitoring by comparing filtered versions of input and output signals, eliminating the need for separate dedicated monitoring hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4262237B1Sound output device
Publication Date: 2026.05.06 ALPS ALPINE CO LTD
  • EP4262237B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4262237B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4262237B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Provided is a sound output device (100) having a function of accurately determining the presence or absence of a speaker at all times. The sound output device (100) of the present invention includes a controller (110), a power amplifier (60), a low-pass filter (70), and a speaker (80). The controller (110) includes first and second low-pass filters (120, 122) configured to remove high-frequency components of a sound input signal (S2) and a sound output signal (S3), a first peak detection unit (130) configured to detect a peak current (SigInP) of the sound input signal (SigInL) from which the high-frequency component has been removed, a second peak detection unit (132) configured to detect a peak current (SigOutP) of the sound output signal from which the high-frequency component has been removed, and a comparison unit (140) configured to compare the peak current (SigInP) with the peak current (SigOutP) and determine connection or disconnection of the speaker (80) when a level of the peak current (SigInP) is equal to or higher than a certain level.