Bio-information Spectra Correction via PCA Pressure Component Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Bio-information measuring devices using spectroscopic techniques face challenges in accuracy due to light absorption by hemoglobin, which requires applying pressure, leading to increased measurement time and difficulty in compact sensor design.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and method that utilize principal component analysis (PCA) to correct spectra affected by pressure changes, removing the pressure component and noise-related components from the spectra to improve accuracy and efficiency in estimating bio-information such as blood glucose, triglyceride, and other biomarkers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If pressure is applied to the skin to minimize light absorption by hemoglobin, then measurement accuracy is improved, but measurement time increases and device compactness becomes difficult to achieve
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the pressure-induced spectrum component from the total spectrum using PCA analysis. By identifying and removing the specific component caused by pressure (which shows characteristic hemoglobin absorption peak changes), the system can achieve accurate bio-information measurement without requiring sustained pressure application, thus reducing measurement time while maintaining accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary PCA analysis to identify the pressure component characteristics before the actual measurement. By pre-characterizing how pressure affects the spectrum (through component analysis of hemoglobin absorption peaks), the system can quickly compensate for pressure effects during measurement without needing to maintain pressure for extended periods
2Measurement precision
If pressure sensors or force sensors are used to apply and monitor pressure, then measurement accuracy is improved, but device size increases and manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical pressure sensors with an optical-based solution. Instead of using force sensors to measure and control pressure, the system uses spectroscopic analysis to detect and compensate for pressure effects on the spectrum. This substitution eliminates complex mechanical sensing components while achieving the same goal of accurate measurement under varying pressure conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the measurement parameter from direct pressure measurement to spectrum analysis. By monitoring changes in hemoglobin absorption peaks through PCA component analysis, the system indirectly detects pressure effects and compensates for them, avoiding the need for separate pressure sensing hardware
3Measurement precision
If pressure is applied to minimize hemoglobin absorption, then spectral quality for bio-information estimation is improved, but the number of components requiring correction increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the relevant pressure-induced component from the spectral data using PCA. Instead of correcting all spectral components, the system specifically identifies and removes the component corresponding to pressure effects on hemoglobin absorption, reducing processing complexity while maintaining spectral quality for bio-information estimation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables more accurate and efficient estimation of bio-information by minimizing the impact of pressure-induced spectrum changes and noise, reducing measurement time and allowing for a more compact sensor design.
Implementation Method 1
The processor may perform principal component analysis (PCA) on the obtained spectra, and the processor may obtain the component, produced based on the change in pressure, based on a result of performing the PCA
Implementation Method 2
research has been conducted on methods for non-invasively measuring bio-information, such as blood glucose, by using Raman spectroscopy or near-infrared spectroscopy
Implementation Method 3
research has been conducted on methods for non-invasively measuring bio-information, such as blood glucose, by using Raman spectroscopy or near-infrared spectroscopy
Implementation Method 4
Light absorption by hemoglobin in the blood affects the entire skin spectrum
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for estimating bio-information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor configured to obtain spectra from an object, obtain a component produced based on a change in pressure applied to the object, correct the spectra based on the obtained component produced based on the change in pressure, and estimate bio-information of the object based on the corrected spectra.