Spectral Soil Clod Size Analysis for Tillage Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Farmers face difficulties in accurately determining soil clod size distribution during tillage operations, which is crucial for maintaining optimal soil conditions, as existing systems lack real-time and precise measurement capabilities.

Innovation Solution

A vision-based sensor system is integrated with agricultural implements and work vehicles, utilizing spectral analysis techniques, such as Fourier transformation, to capture and analyze vision data from the field, determining soil clod size distribution and adjusting operating parameters in real-time to maintain a predetermined clod size range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional visual inspection methods are used to determine soil clod size distribution, then the operator can monitor soil conditions during tillage operations, but the measurement accuracy and precision are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoil clod size distribution measurement accuracyVSAvoiddifficulty in determining soil clod size distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical/optical vision-based sensors with a spectral analysis system that uses electromagnetic radiation in the visible to near-infrared spectrum. The system captures spectral data from soil clods and uses machine learning models to determine size distribution, transforming a visual/mechanical measurement problem into an electromagnetic spectral analysis problem that provides superior measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from measuring physical dimensions directly (which is difficult) to measuring spectral characteristics (reflectance, absorbance) that correlate with soil clod size. By changing the measurement parameter from spatial to spectral domain, the system achieves more accurate and easier measurement of soil clod size distribution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If real-time spectral analysis is implemented to monitor soil clod size distribution, then accurate measurement capability is achieved, but the system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereal-time soil clod size distribution measurement accuracyVSAvoidcomplexity of vision-based sensor system with spectral analysis
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and isolates the spectral analysis component from the overall measurement system, using dedicated spectral sensors that capture specific wavelength ranges. By separating the spectral measurement function from other sensor functions, the system achieves high measurement precision while managing complexity through functional specialization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The spectral analysis system is designed to perform multiple functions: measuring soil clod size distribution, monitoring soil moisture content, and assessing soil organic matter. This multi-functionality justifies the system complexity by providing comprehensive soil condition monitoring from a single integrated platform.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Measurement precision

If spectral analysis techniques are used to determine soil clod size distribution, then measurement accuracy improves, but the processing time and computational requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoil clod size distribution determination accuracyVSAvoidtime for spectral data processing and analysis
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system pre-processes spectral data by filtering out irrelevant wavelengths and normalizing the data before analysis. Machine learning models are pre-trained on extensive soil spectral datasets, enabling rapid inference during actual field operations. This preliminary preparation reduces processing time during critical real-time monitoring while maintaining high measurement accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The spectral analysis focuses on specific wavelength ranges (visible to near-infrared) that are most informative for soil clod size detection, rather than analyzing the entire electromagnetic spectrum. This selective approach provides sufficient measurement accuracy while significantly reducing data processing requirements and time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system provides accurate, real-time monitoring and adjustment of soil clod size distribution, ensuring optimal tillage conditions by correlating spectral densities with soil clod sizes, allowing for precise control of ground-engaging tools to maintain desired soil clod sizes.

Implementation Method 1

analyze the received vision data using a spectral analysis technique to determine a size distribution of soil clods

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpectral analysis: Absorption Spectroscopy

Data Source

PatentEP4027767B1System and method for determining soil clod size distribution using spectral analysis
Publication Date: 2023.08.23 CNH IND BELGIUM NV
  • EP4027767B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4027767B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4027767B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

In one aspect, a system for determining soil clod size distribution as an agricultural implement is being towed across a field by a work vehicle may include a vision-based sensor provided in operative association with one of the work vehicle or the agricultural implement. As such, the vision-based sensor may be configured to capture vision data associated with a portion of the field present within a field of view of the vision-based sensor. Furthermore, the system may include a controller configured to receive vision data from the vision-based sensor. Moreover, the controller may be further configured to analyze the received vision data using a spectral analysis technique to determine a size distribution of soil clods present within the field of view of the vision-based sensor.