Imaging Spectrometer with Reflective Grating for Non-Unit Magnification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional imaging spectrometers with reflective gratings are limited to unit magnification or magnification ratios close to one, making it difficult to design compact, cost-effective instruments with high performance, as altering magnification introduces strong aberrations and compromises image quality.

Innovation Solution

The design of an imaging spectrometer using first to fourth curved reflective portions, alternatingly concave and convex, with at least one having a reflective grating structure, allows for magnification values different from one, achieved through a compact and flexible configuration with a monolithic optical element, enabling both smaller and larger magnifications without compromising image quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If conventional imaging spectrometer designs with reflective gratings are used, then the instrument structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the magnification is limited to unit magnification or values close to one, preventing compact design

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidinstrument length
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLength of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces asymmetric optical paths with different numbers of reflections (e.g., 2-1-2-1 pattern) to achieve non-unit magnification. This breaks the symmetry of conventional designs while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through standard reflective gratings and simple optical components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes multiple reflection dimensions and spatial arrangements to achieve compact folding of optical paths. By arranging reflections in sequences like 2-1-2-1 across different spatial dimensions, the instrument achieves reduced length without sacrificing magnification flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Adaptability or versatility

If the magnification value is changed in conventional designs, then different magnification ratios can be achieved, but strong aberrations are introduced and image quality deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnification flexibilityVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs curved reflective surfaces and optimized reflection geometries to correct aberrations introduced by non-unit magnification. The curved paths and carefully designed reflection angles compensate for optical distortions, maintaining image quality across various magnification values.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent systematically optimizes multiple parameters including reflection angles, path lengths, and component positions to minimize aberrations. By adjusting these parameters in the asymmetric optical paths, the design achieves both magnification flexibility and high image quality without introducing strong aberrations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If freeform gratings are used to achieve non-unit magnification, then magnification flexibility is improved, but the manufacturing complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnification flexibilityVSAvoidoptical design complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the optical function into multiple discrete reflection segments rather than using a single complex freeform grating. Each segment performs a specific function (collimation, dispersion, focusing) and can be manufactured separately using standard components, reducing overall complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent makes standard reflective gratings perform multiple functions through clever geometric arrangement. The same grating type serves for dispersion while the asymmetric optical path configuration achieves magnification control, eliminating the need for specialized freeform gratings and reducing manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enables the creation of compact, lightweight optical instruments with flexible magnification options, improving image quality and reducing aberrations, while using conventional reflective gratings instead of freeform gratings, which are difficult to manufacture and expensive.

Implementation Method 1

The output beam of light at the focal plane is dispersed in accordance with a spectral composition of the beam of light received from the slit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

the beam of light, in its passage from the slit to the focal plane, sequentially strikes the first to fourth curved reflective portions and is reflected by the first to fourth curved reflective portions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3301415B1Imaging spectrometer with reflective grating
Publication Date: 2019.11.06 EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
  • EP3301415B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3301415B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3301415B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

This application relates to an imaging spectrometer (200) for receiving a beam of light from a slit (20) and outputting the beam of light to a focal plane (30). The output beam of light at the focal plane is dispersed in accordance with a spectral composition of the beam of light received from the slit. The imaging spectrometer comprises first to fourth curved reflective portions (210, 220, 230, 240). The first to fourth curved reflective portions are arranged so that the beam of light, in its passage from the slit to the focal plane, sequentially strikes the first to fourth curved reflective portions and is reflected by the first to fourth curved reflective portions. Further, the first to fourth curved reflective portions are alternatingly concave or convex, respectively, along the passage of the beam of light. At least one of the first to fourth curved reflective portions (219, 230) has a reflective grating structure. The application further relates to a method of manufacturing such imaging spectrometer.