Spectrometer Pathogen Detection Using Optical Profiles and Decision Trees
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, are impractical for wide-scale screening due to lack of speed, accuracy, resource constraints, and reliance on symptomatic presentation, leading to ineffective containment strategies.
Innovation Solution
A system utilizing spectrometer scans, machine learning algorithms, and decision trees to analyze light intensity profiles from breath or saliva samples to rapidly detect pathogens, providing near-instant results.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional pathogen testing methods (PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescent assay) are used, then diagnostic accuracy can be achieved, but testing speed becomes too slow and resource consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical/chemical testing systems (PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescent assays) with an optical detection system using spectrometers. The spectrometer measures light absorption, transmission, or reflection properties of the sample, enabling rapid pathogen detection without the time-consuming steps of traditional methods. This substitution achieves both high speed and maintained accuracy through optical property analysis.
2Reliability
If traditional pathogen testing methods are used, then diagnostic results can be obtained, but resource consumption (reagents, equipment) increases and supply depletion occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs disposable optical sensors or single-use sample cartridges that integrate the sensing functionality. These disposable elements eliminate the need for expensive, reusable equipment requiring complex reagent systems. Each disposable unit contains pre-configured optical paths and detection elements, providing reliable diagnostic capability while consuming minimal materials and eliminating reagent supply chain dependencies.
3Measurement precision
If traditional pathogen testing methods are used, then pathogen detection can be performed, but the complexity of the testing system and operation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a universal spectrometer-based platform that can detect multiple types of pathogens through a single integrated system. The spectrometer measures optical properties (absorption, transmission, reflection) that are characteristic of various pathogens, allowing one device to perform multiple diagnostic functions. This multi-functionality reduces system complexity compared to having separate specialized tests for different pathogens while maintaining detection precision.
4Reliability
If traditional pathogen testing methods are used, then diagnostic results can be obtained, but the time required from testing to result delivery increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements continuous real-time optical monitoring using the spectrometer system. Instead of discrete step-by-step testing with intermediate processing steps, the system continuously measures optical properties of the sample as it flows through or is held in the detection chamber. This continuous measurement approach eliminates idle time between test steps and provides real-time results while maintaining diagnostic accuracy through sustained detection.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, accurate detection of pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, allowing for quick identification and containment of infected individuals, reducing social and economic disruptions.
Implementation Method 1
receiving multiple spectrometer scans of a sample obtained from a person, a spectrometer scan including intensities of wavelengths of light in a range of wavelengths, the light having passed through at least a portion of the sample
Data Source
AI summary
An example method includes receiving multiple spectrometer scans of a sample obtained from a person. A spectrometer scan includes intensities of wavelengths of light in a range of wavelengths. The light has passed through at least a portion of the sample. For multiple wavelengths of light in the range of wavelengths, a particular profile intensity utilizing particular intensities of wavelengths of light included in the multiple spectrometer scans is calculated to obtain multiple profile intensities. Slopes of the multiple profile intensities at multiple wavelengths are calculated to obtain a set of slopes. A fitting function is applied to the set of slopes to obtain a set of values. A set of decision trees is applied to the set of values to obtain a result. The result indicates either a positive pathogen detection or a negative pathogen detection for the sample. A pathogen detection notification is generated indicating either the positive pathogen detection or the negative pathogen detection for the sample. The pathogen detection notification is provided.