Spectrometric Device for Arterial Haemoglobin Saturation Monitoring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current medical practices lack a tool for quantitative monitoring of deteriorating cardiovascular status from the initial cardiovascular event or acute trauma through arrival at a medical facility, and existing pulse oximeters are not effective during cardiopulmonary bypass or extreme low-flow states, failing to provide precise measurements of arterial haemoglobin saturation.
Innovation Solution
A spectrometric device that generates and processes electromagnetic waves at multiple wavelengths to accurately measure material components in a sample, incorporating path length and wavelength variations to improve sensitivity and accuracy, enabling the characterization of material components like haemoglobin, glucose, and gases by correlating excitation sequences with received signals to determine properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional pulse oximeters are used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates in challenging conditions such as cardiopulmonary bypass or extreme low-flow states
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement process is segmented into multiple independent wavelength channels (e.g., 660nm and 940nm LEDs), each measuring specific optical properties. This allows the system to handle challenging conditions by using multiple measurement paths simultaneously, improving precision without requiring a single complex measurement system.
Solution Approach 2:
The spectrometric device performs multiple functions: measuring arterial haemoglobin saturation, detecting tissue oxygenation, monitoring blood flow, and identifying material components. This multi-functionality allows one device to replace multiple specialized instruments, improving measurement precision across various conditions while managing device complexity through integrated design.
2Measurement precision
If multiple wavelengths are used to improve measurement accuracy, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple wavelength measurements are merged through a common spectrometric detector and processing system. The device combines data from different wavelengths (e.g., red and infrared LEDs) to calculate haemoglobin saturation and other parameters, achieving improved precision while avoiding the complexity of separate measurement systems for each wavelength.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the wavelength parameter to optimize measurements for different material components and physiological conditions. By adjusting which wavelengths are used based on the specific measurement goal (e.g., using 660nm for oxygen saturation, 940nm for deoxygenation), the device achieves high precision without requiring all possible wavelengths simultaneously.
3Measurement precision
If path length and wavelength variations are incorporated to improve sensitivity, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system incorporates feedback by continuously monitoring the optical path through tissue and adjusting measurements based on detected variations in path length and wavelength. This allows the device to compensate for anatomical variations and improve sensitivity to small changes in haemoglobin saturation without requiring complex mechanical adjustments.
Solution Approach 2:
The measurement system dynamically adapts to changing conditions by adjusting the optical path length and wavelength selection based on real-time tissue properties and physiological state. This dynamic adaptation improves sensitivity to physiological changes while managing complexity through algorithmic rather than mechanical solutions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device provides precise and quantitative measurements of arterial haemoglobin saturation and other material components, improving the monitoring of cardiovascular status and overcoming the limitations of existing pulse oximeters, especially in challenging conditions.
Implementation Method 1
transmitting a first electromagnetic wave (EMW) at a first wavelength... concurrently with transmitting the first EMW and in response to a second excitation sequence of pulses generated by the unit of the spectrometric device, transmitting a second EMW at a second wavelength
Implementation Method 2
acquiring said first and second transmitted EMWs as an aggregated input with a receiver associated with the spectrometric device
Implementation Method 3
processing the received aggregated input with a data-processing unit associated with the spectrometric device by: (a) correlating the aggregated input with a time-controlled representation of the first excitation sequence of pulses to form a first identifier
Data Source
AI summary
A system and method of dynamically localizing a measurement of parameter characterizing tissue sample with waves produced by spectrometric system at multiple wavelengths and detected at a fixed location of the detector of the system. The parameter is calculated based on impulse response of the sample, reference data representing characteristics of material components of the sample, and path lengths through the sample corresponding to different wavelengths. Dynamic localization is effectuated by considering different portions of a curve representing the determined parameter, and provides for the formation of a spatial map of distribution of the parameter across the sample. Additional measurement of impulse response at multiple detectors facilitates determination of change of the measured parameter across the sample as a function of time.