Speculative Vector Operations Width Control Circuit

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Speculative vector processing in data processing systems faces challenges in managing performance characteristics like throughput and energy consumption, especially when the number of iterations in a loop is unpredictable, leading to potential adverse impacts on these factors due to speculative operations that may not be required.

Innovation Solution

A data processing apparatus with speculation control circuitry that generates progress indications during speculative vector operations, allowing it to assess and reduce the speculation width when adverse impacts are detected, thereby optimizing performance characteristics by adjusting the number of vector elements subjected to operations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If speculative vector operations are performed across the entire width of vector operands, then the potential performance benefit is maximized, but the risk of adverse impact on throughput and energy consumption increases when the speculation is incorrect

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovethroughputVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the speculation width adjustable rather than fixed. The speculation control circuitry dynamically modifies the speculation width based on progress indications and speculation reduction criteria, allowing the system to adapt the number of vector elements processed speculatively. This resolves the contradiction by enabling full-width speculation when beneficial while reducing width when adverse impacts occur, optimizing both throughput and energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter of speculation width from a static value to a dynamically modifiable parameter. By introducing speculation reduction criteria and progress indications that trigger width modification, the system can adjust the speculation scope to balance performance benefits against energy consumption risks, directly addressing the technical contradiction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If the speculation width is reduced to improve performance characteristics, then energy consumption is reduced, but the productivity benefit from speculative vector processing is diminished

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy consumptionVSAvoidthroughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The dynamic adjustment mechanism allows the speculation width to be modified based on real-time progress indications. When performance characteristics deteriorate, the width is reduced to save energy; when conditions are favorable, the width is maintained or increased to maximize throughput. This dynamic balancing resolves the contradiction between energy efficiency and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback through progress indications that monitor the execution progress of speculative vector operations. This feedback is fed to the speculation control circuitry, which uses it to determine whether to modify the speculation width. The feedback loop enables the system to respond to actual execution conditions, optimizing the trade-off between energy consumption and throughput based on real-time performance data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Adaptability or versatility

If speculative vector operations are performed without predetermined iteration count, then adaptability to variable loop lengths is achieved, but the precision of performance prediction and control is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadaptability to variable loop lengthsVSAvoidperformance prediction precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by establishing speculation reduction criteria before speculative execution begins. These criteria define the conditions under which speculation width should be modified, providing a predetermined framework for controlling speculative operations. This preliminary setup enables the system to adapt to variable loop lengths while maintaining performance prediction precision through predefined decision rules.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The feedback mechanism using progress indications provides continuous information about execution progress, enabling the speculation control circuitry to make informed decisions about width modification. This feedback loop compensates for the lack of predetermined iteration count, maintaining measurement precision by using actual execution data to guide speculation management decisions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3039532B1A data processing apparatus and method for controlling performance of speculative vector operations
Publication Date: 2020.11.11 ARM LTD
  • EP3039532B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3039532B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3039532B1 patent drawingFigure 2C

AI summary

A data processing apparatus and a method of controlling performance of speculative vector operations are provided. The apparatus comprises processing circuitry for performing a sequence of speculative vector operations on vector operands, each vector operand comprising a plurality of vector elements, and speculation control circuitry for maintaining a speculation width indication indicating the number of vector elements of each vector operand to be subjected to the speculative vector operations. The speculation width indication is set to an initial value prior to performance of the sequence of speculative vector operations. The processing circuitry generates progress indications during performance of the sequence of speculative vector operations, and the speculation control circuitry detects, with reference to the progress indications and speculation reduction criteria, presence of a speculation reduction condition. The speculation reduction condition is a condition indicating that a reduction in the speculation width indication is expected to improve at least one performance characteristic of the data processing apparatus relative to continued operation without the reduction in the speculation width indication. The speculation control circuitry is responsive to detection of the speculation reduction condition to reduce the speculation width indication. This can significantly increase performance (for example in terms of throughput and/or energy consumption) when performing speculative vector operations.