Spherical Tungsten Monocarbide Powder via Centrifugal Plasma Atomization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing tungsten monocarbide powders result in irregularly shaped particles, and attempts to produce spherical tungsten monocarbide powders fail due to decomposition during heating, making it impossible to achieve a usable content of spherical tungsten monocarbide through atomization of a melt defined composition.

Innovation Solution

The method involves melt atomization with spherical powder formation using a grit of tungsten monocarbide as starting material, melted and atomized in a centrifugal atomization device under an inert atmosphere, followed by annealing at 1200-1400°C to break down W2C and subsequent slow cooling in a furnace, achieving a tungsten monocarbide content of over 70 vol%.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Shape

If tungsten monocarbide grit is melted and atomized to form spherical powder, then spherical shape is achieved, but decomposition occurs at the required high temperature

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespherical shapeVSAvoiddecomposition during heating
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The method performs preliminary melting of tungsten monocarbide grit before atomization, creating a molten state that facilitates spherical powder formation. This preliminary action at controlled conditions enables subsequent successful atomization without decomposition

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the temperature parameters and heating conditions during melting and atomization to prevent decomposition. By optimizing the thermal parameters and controlling the atmosphere, the process achieves spherical powder formation while maintaining tungsten monocarbide phase stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Shape

If conventional melting and atomization methods are used, then spherical powder is formed, but the tungsten monocarbide content remains low due to phase decomposition

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespherical powder formationVSAvoidtungsten monocarbide content
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes melting temperature, holding time, and cooling rate parameters to control phase transformations. By precisely controlling these parameters, the process maximizes tungsten monocarbide content in the spherical powder while minimizing decomposition into W2C and free carbon

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The method utilizes controlled phase transitions during melting and solidification to favor the formation of tungsten monocarbide phase. By managing the thermal cycle and atmosphere conditions, the process directs the phase transformation toward desired WC formation rather than decomposition products

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

3Ease of manufacture

If irregularly shaped tungsten carbide powder is produced, then manufacturing is simpler, but strength and density are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidparticle strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention employs centrifugal atomization to transform irregularly shaped particles into spherical powder. The centrifugal force and atomization process naturally form spherical shapes, improving particle strength and density while maintaining manufacturing efficiency through a continuous process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach successfully produces spherical tungsten monocarbide powder with a high volume percentage, overcoming the limitations of previous methods by transforming the phase W2C to WC, resulting in a powder with desired properties and practical purity.

Implementation Method 1

melting by plasma arc is implemented

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma arc: Plasma

Implementation Method 2

melting by plasma arc is implemented

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectArc heating: Electric Arc

Implementation Method 3

melting and atomization of the starting material is performed by continuous filling of grit into a rotating crucible of a centrifugal atomization device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCentrifugal force: Centrifugal Force

Implementation Method 4

after that the annealing of powder is made at a temperature of 1200-1400°C during a time necessary for W 2 C breakup

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAnnealing: Annealing

Implementation Method 5

melting and atomization of the starting material is performed by continuous filling of grit into a rotating crucible of a centrifugal atomization device under an inert atmosphere

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInert atmosphere:

Data Source

PatentEP3487810B1Manufacture of tungsten monocarbide (WC) spherical powder
Publication Date: 2020.07.15 HOGANAS AB
  • EP3487810B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3487810B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3487810B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to powder metallurgy, in particular production of tungsten monocarbide spherical powders, which is a major component of metalloceramic hard alloys used for manufacture of tools, drill bits, steel alloying, wear- resistant coating cladding at elements operating in intensive wear conditions. The method includes melting of the starting material, and melt atomization with forming of spherical powder. As starting material a tungsten monocarbide grit is used. Melting and atomization of the material is implemented by continuous filling of grit into a rotating crucible of a centrifugal atomization device under an inert atmosphere and melting it by a plasma arc. After that an annealing of the obtained powder is made at a temperature of 1200-1400°C during a time necessary for W2C breakup with subsequent cooling of the powder in a furnace. The invention is directed to production of tungsten monocarbide spherical powder with WC content of more than 70 %.