Spherical Window Imaging System With Paraboloidal Reflector
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Solution Overview
Problem
Imaging systems for underwater applications face challenges with limited field of view, refraction-induced distortion, and increased complexity and cost due to the need for multiple cameras or delayed camera adjustments, as well as the requirement for a securely sealed and non-obstructive window.
Innovation Solution
An imaging system featuring a spherical pressure window with a paraboloidal reflector and image sensor configuration that focuses light entering at a perpendicular angle to eliminate distortion and securely couples the window to the housing using a snap ring mechanism, ensuring a 360-degree field of view without obstruction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single camera is used to reduce system complexity and cost, then device complexity and cost are reduced, but the field of view is limited and requires continuous panning and tilting adjustments
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from a single-camera system operating in one dimensional space to a multi-camera array distributed across multiple spatial dimensions. By positioning multiple cameras at different locations and orientations around the ROV, the system achieves comprehensive 360-degree coverage without requiring continuous mechanical panning and tilting of a single camera, thus resolving the contradiction between reduced complexity and expanded field of view.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the single-camera system into multiple segmented camera units distributed throughout the ROV structure. Each camera captures a specific sector of the environment, and the combined data from all segments provides complete spherical coverage. This segmentation allows the system to achieve wide field of view while maintaining relatively simple individual camera units.
2Area of stationary object
If multiple cameras are used to increase field of view, then field of view is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a centralized image processing system that serves multiple cameras simultaneously. The image processor receives data from all camera units and performs panoringam stitching, distortion correction, and real-time display functions universally across all camera inputs. This multi-functional processing core reduces the need for separate processing hardware for each camera, thereby limiting the increase in overall system complexity despite having multiple cameras.
3Reliability
If a transparent window is added to protect components from water, then reliability is improved, but refraction causes distortion and the window may obstruct the field of view
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the problematic mechanical/optical approach of adding thick protective windows with an electronic/digital solution. Instead of relying on window geometry to minimize refraction, the system uses image processing algorithms to detect and correct refraction-induced distortion digitally. This substitution of mechanical design constraints with computational correction allows the use of protective windows without sacrificing image quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of image correction from optical (window design) to digital (software processing). By implementing refraction correction as a software parameter adjustment rather than a fixed optical parameter, the system can dynamically compensate for distortion caused by windows of various thicknesses and curvatures, maintaining image accuracy while ensuring component protection.
4Area of stationary object
If camera panning and tilting are used to expand field of view, then field of view is improved, but operator awareness is reduced due to simultaneous piloting requirements or time delays
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by having multiple cameras continuously capture images of different directions simultaneously before the operator needs to view them. The image processor pre-processes these images into panoramic views and identifies objects of interest in advance. When the operator requests information about a specific direction, the system can immediately display pre-captured images without requiring real-time camera movement, thereby maintaining operator awareness while providing comprehensive field of view coverage.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides a large field of view, eliminates refraction-related distortion, and ensures a watertight seal without obstructing the view, enhancing operator awareness and reducing system complexity and cost.
Implementation Method 1
Light entering the window at an angle perpendicular to the outer surface of the window and traveling to the focus is reflected onto the image sensor by the reflector
Data Source
AI summary
An imaging system includes a spherical window, a reflector, an image sensor, a housing and a snap ring. The reflector has a focus point located at a center of a sphere defined by an outer surface of the window. Light entering the window at an angle perpendicular to the outer surface of the window and traveling to the focus point is reflected onto the image sensor by the reflector. The window and housing have first and second grooves, respectively. In order to couple the window to the housing, the snap ring is placed in the second groove, the snap ring is compressed with the window and then the snap ring is allowed to expand so that the snap ring is located in both the first and second grooves.