Spin Luminescent Reporter for Trace Biological Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional immunoassays face challenges with poor sensitivity and cumbersome procedures, particularly in detecting trace targets in biological samples.
Innovation Solution
The use of a spin luminescent material as a reporter in an immunoassay, combined with the modulation of its characteristics by a time-varied physical field, to enhance sensitivity and simplify the detection process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If immunochromatographic test strip is used for rapid detection, then detection speed is improved, but sensitivity deteriorates and cannot detect trace targets
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the detection parameter from simple colorimetric readout to time-resolved luminescence detection. By using luminescent materials with long emission lifetimes and measuring signal at specific time points, the method achieves both rapid detection and high sensitivity for trace targets.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical/visual observation system of traditional strips with an optical detection system that measures luminescence intensity over time. This substitution enables automated, sensitive detection of trace antigens while maintaining rapid assay format.
2Measurement precision
If ELISA is used to detect trace targets, then detection sensitivity is improved, but procedure complexity increases due to multiple washing steps and reagents
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the complex washing steps and multiple reagent additions from the ELISA procedure. By using a simplified strip format with luminescent reporters that provide high signal amplification, the method achieves trace target detection without the cumbersome multi-step protocol.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection mechanism from enzyme-catalyzed colorimetric reaction to luminescence emission with time-resolved measurement. This parameter change provides sufficient signal amplification for trace detection while allowing a simplified single-step or reduced-step assay protocol.
3Ease of operation
If conventional immunoassay with colored markers is used, then ease of operation is improved, but sensitivity deteriorates due to poor signal amplification
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the detection parameter from immediate colorimetric readout to time-resolved luminescence measurement. By measuring signal at delayed time points after excitation, the method achieves high signal amplification for trace targets while maintaining ease of operation through automated detection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite luminescent materials that combine long emission lifetimes with high quantum efficiency. These materials provide strong signal amplification when excited, enabling sensitive detection of trace antigens while keeping the assay procedure simple and automated.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly increases the sensitivity of the detection method by reducing background interference and simplifies the operation by eliminating the need for complex washing steps.
Implementation Method 1
irradiating the detection carrier placed in the time-varied physical field with an excitation light to excite the spin luminescent material to generate a fluorescence signal modulated by the time-varied physical field
Implementation Method 2
the modulation of the characteristics of the spin luminescent materials by a time-varied physical field
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure discloses a detection method and a detection system for detecting an object of interest in a biological sample. The detection method comprises the following steps: providing a detection kit comprising a detection carrier and a reporter, wherein the detection carrier comprises a coating protein having a recognition site for binding the object of interest, the reporter including a spin luminescent material; mixing the reporter and the biological sample and loading the mixture onto the detection carrier; placing the detection carrier with the mixture of the reporter molecule and the biological sample in a time-varied physical field; irradiating a detection carrier placed in the time-varied physical field with an excitation light to excite the spin luminescent material to generate a fluorescence signal modulated by the time-varied physical field; and receiving and analyzing the fluorescence signal.