Spinal Distractor-Compressor Ramp Mechanism
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current orthopedic surgical tools for distraction and compression, such as distractors and compressors, often require multiple tools, leading to complexity and increased risk of contamination, and combined tools necessitate significant mechanical force, posing challenges in precise application and stability during spinal surgery.
Innovation Solution
A combined distractor-compressor tool apparatus that mounts directly to pedicle screws, utilizing a connecting rod with a ramp mechanism and adjustable screw head extension to apply force for both distraction and compression, reducing the number of tools needed and minimizing slippage risks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If separate distractor and compressor tools are used, then functional versatility is achieved, but device complexity and risk of contamination increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines separate distractor and compressor tools into a single integrated tool that can perform both distraction and compression functions. The tool includes a handle assembly with a ratcheting mechanism that can operate in both directions (distraction and compression), eliminating the need for multiple separate tools and reducing the risk of contamination between tools.
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated tool is designed with universal functionality to perform multiple orthopedic functions including distraction, compression, and rod engagement. The ratcheting mechanism can be configured to provide ratchet resistance in either the distraction or compression direction, allowing a single tool to replace multiple specialized tools.
2Device complexity
If combined distractor-compressor tool is used, then device complexity is reduced, but significant mechanical force is required leading to slippage risk
Solution Approach 1:
The tool incorporates a dynamic ratcheting mechanism that can switch between distraction and compression modes. The ratchet resistance is adjustable and can be engaged or disengaged as needed, allowing the tool to maintain proper grip during force application while enabling mode transitions. This dynamic capability reduces slippage risk by ensuring continuous secure engagement.
Solution Approach 2:
The ratcheting mechanism acts as an intermediary between the applied mechanical force and the bone/implant interface. It provides controlled resistance and prevents slippage by allowing force application in one direction while preventing backsliding, thereby mediating the force transmission reliably.
3Device complexity
If combined distractor-compressor tool is used, then number of tools is reduced, but surgical opening becomes cluttered
Solution Approach 1:
The integrated tool is designed with a modular handle assembly that can be segmented or adjusted in length. The tool can be configured with appropriate shaft lengths and angles to navigate the surgical field effectively, reducing clutter by optimizing the tool's physical footprint while maintaining full functionality.
4Force
If mechanical force is applied to combined tool, then distraction or compression is achieved, but precise application becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The ratcheting mechanism provides mechanical feedback through audible and tactile clicks as force is applied. This feedback allows the surgeon to precisely control and monitor the force being applied, ensuring accurate and controlled distraction or compression without exceeding desired limits.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The combined tool apparatus simplifies surgical procedures by reducing tool management, minimizing slippage risks, and allowing for precise application of mechanical force, thereby enhancing surgical efficiency and safety during orthopedic spinal surgery.
Implementation Method 1
The rod holder comprises a ramp on one face, facing the connecting rod to which the rod holder is nearest. When a portion of the adjusting member is turned, the protruding member moves vertically along the longitudinal axis of the screw head extension, placing increasing pressure against the ramp
Implementation Method 2
The adjusting member comprises an externally threaded portion that fits within the internally threaded portion of the screw head extension, and a protruding member protruding outwardly from said threaded portion. When a portion of the adjusting member is turned, the protruding member moves vertically along the longitudinal axis of the screw head extension
Data Source
AI summary
A combined apparatus for compression and distraction of a first physical component having a first bone screw and a second physical component having a second bone screw, said apparatus comprising a connected rod fixedly connected to one of the first and second bone screw heads and slidably connected to the other of the first and second bone screw heads, a rod holder comprising a ramp, and A screw head extension comprising an protruding member and an adjusting means, such that when the protruding member is moved vertically, pressure between said protruding member and progressively wider portions of said ramp force an increase in distance between the rod holder and adjacent bone screw head, resulting in compression or distraction as desired of the physical components.