Spiral Superconducting Wire Layout for Low AC Loss and Quench Robustness
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-temperature superconductor wires and cables face challenges with AC loss and quench robustness, where reducing AC loss through multifilamentization compromises robustness, and adding copper shunt layers either fails to reduce AC loss or impairs robustness.
Innovation Solution
A superconductor wire design featuring multiple superconductor layers in a spirally wound configuration with insulating and connecting sections, where the insulating sections are longer than the electromotive force loop length and the connecting sections are strategically placed to shunt currents, reducing AC loss while maintaining robustness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If the superconductor layer is divided into narrow filaments to reduce AC loss, then AC loss is reduced, but robustness against quench is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The superconductor layer is divided into multiple narrow filaments (segmentation) to reduce the fluxoid travel distance and thereby reduce AC loss. This is the primary segmentation approach applied in the patent.
Solution Approach 2:
A copper shunt layer is introduced as an intermediary element between the narrow superconductor filaments. This copper layer provides a parallel current path that prevents complete quench when individual filaments transition to normal state, thus improving robustness while maintaining the AC loss reduction benefits of narrow filaments.
2Reliability
If a copper shunt layer is added to improve robustness, then robustness against quench is improved, but AC loss is not reduced and may increase
Solution Approach 1:
The copper shunt layer is positioned specifically between the narrow superconductor filaments rather than as a continuous outer layer. This local placement allows the copper to provide robustness support without creating large eddy current loops that would increase AC loss. The narrow spacing ensures the copper serves as a local current shunt rather than a source of significant eddy currents.
3Power
If the superconductor layer is made wide to improve current carrying capacity, then current carrying capacity is improved, but AC loss increases due to longer fluxoid travel distance
Solution Approach 1:
The wide superconductor layer is segmented into multiple narrow filaments. This segmentation maintains the overall wide width for high current carrying capacity while each individual filament remains narrow to minimize fluxoid travel distance and AC loss. The total current capacity is the sum of all filament capacities.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure combining narrow superconductor filaments with copper shunt layers. This composite architecture enables the system to achieve both high current carrying capacity (through the combined cross-section of multiple filaments and copper) and low AC loss (through the narrow filament geometry that limits fluxoid motion).
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves reduced AC loss and improved robustness by confining persistent eddy currents within individual superconductor filaments, preventing quench and enhancing the superconducting shunt of currents, thus preventing entire wire quench.
Implementation Method 1
at least one insulating section that extends in the longitudinal direction of the substrate, is disposed between the plurality of superconductor layers, and electrically insulates the plurality of superconductor layers
Implementation Method 2
a plurality of connecting sections that are disposed in the insulating section along the longitudinal direction of the substrate and electrically connect adjacent superconductor layers in a superconducting manner
Implementation Method 3
the design achieves reduced AC loss and improved robustness by confining persistent eddy currents within individual superconductor filaments
Implementation Method 4
when the magnetic field He applied perpendicularly to the superconductor layer (strictly, the component He of the magnetic field applied, which is perpendicular to the superconductor layer 92; the same applies hereinafter) changes with time, eddy currents 99 flow over the width of the superconductor layer 92, 92a
Implementation Method 5
the connecting sections are strategically placed to shunt currents, reducing AC loss while maintaining robustness
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a superconductor wire and a superconductor cable that have both reduced AC loss and improved robustness. The superconductor wire (10A) comprises: a plurality of superconductor layers (2) that extend in a longitudinal direction of a substrate (1) and are disposed in parallel in a transverse direction of the substrate 8 (1); at least one insulating section (3) that extend in a longitudinal direction of the substrate (1), are disposed between the plurality of superconductor layers (2, 2), and electrically insulate the plurality of superconductor layers (2, 2); and a plurality of connecting sections (4) that are disposed in the insulating sections (3) along the longitudinal direction of the substrate (1) and electrically connect adjacent superconductor layers (2, 2) in a superconducting manner; wherein the superconductor wire in a spirally wound form satisfies the following conditions:12P2+(πD)2≤Lwherein D is the diameter of the spiral, P is the length of the spiral pitch along a winding axis direction, and L is the length of the insulating sections (3) along the longitudinal direction.