Splanchnic Flow Restrictor Valve with Tapered Dynamic Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
In heart failure patients, redistribution of blood from the splanchnic venous circulation to the inferior vena cava can lead to increased central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, particularly during periods of elevated sympathetic tone.
Innovation Solution
A medical implant is introduced, comprising a stent body with an inner lumen and a restrictor valve with a tapered distal end that extends over the inner lumen. The restrictor valve is configured to face the direction of blood flow and can partially or fully close in response to increased blood pressure, thereby regulating blood flow.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stress or pressure
If a restrictor valve is used to reduce blood flow through the inferior vena cava, then central venous pressure and pulmonary pressures are reduced, but blood flow restriction may become excessive under normal conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The restrictor valve is designed to be dynamic rather than static, automatically adjusting its restriction level in response to changing blood pressure conditions. During exercise or elevated sympathetic tone when pressures rise, the valve opens more to maintain adequate blood flow. During normal rest conditions, it maintains moderate restriction to reduce central venous pressure. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction between needing flow restriction for pressure control while maintaining adequate flow during normal physiological states.
2Productivity
If the restrictor valve opens fully during exercise, then blood flow is maintained, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The restrictor valve employs a self-regulating mechanism that automatically responds to blood pressure changes without requiring external control systems, sensors, or power sources. The valve structure itself, through its elastic or shape-memory material properties, senses pressure changes and autonomously adjusts its opening degree. This self-service approach maintains adequate blood flow during exercise while avoiding the complexity of active control systems.
3Device complexity
If a fixed restrictor valve is used, then the device structure is simple, but it cannot adapt to changing physiological conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The restrictor valve utilizes materials or mechanisms whose physical parameters (such as elasticity, shape memory, or flexibility) change in response to blood pressure variations. This allows the valve's restriction degree to dynamically adapt to different physiological states - maintaining simplicity in structure while achieving adaptability through parameter changes in the valve material or configuration based on pressure conditions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The medical implant effectively manages blood flow by reducing the size of the orifice in the restrictor valve in response to increased blood pressure, thereby mitigating the increase in central venous pressure and pulmonary pressures in heart failure patients.
Implementation Method 1
the one or more arms are configured to elastically deform in response to blood pressure against a distal end of the plug
Implementation Method 2
the tapered distal end of the restrictor valve is configured to at least partially flatten in response to increase blood pressure through the blood vessel
Data Source
AI summary
A medical implant for managing blood flow through a blood vessel comprises a stent body forming a proximal portion and a tapered distal end, the tapered distal end being angled relative to the proximal portion to face a direction of blood flow and limit blood flow into an inner lumen of the stent body, and the tapered distal end having a flexible structure to allow the tapered distal end to bend and straighten in response to blood flow, and a covering extending along the stent body.


