Split Battery Architecture for High Power Bidirectional Charger
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing bidirectional grid-connected battery chargers for electric vehicles lack the necessary power to provide meaningful grid balancing, as they are unable to effectively transfer electrical energy from the vehicle battery or backup battery back to the electrical grid during high demand periods.
Innovation Solution
A high power bidirectional charger with a split battery architecture, comprising a low voltage battery and a higher voltage battery, utilizing bidirectional AC-DC and DC-DC converters to enable efficient energy transfer between the grid, electric vehicle battery, and integrated batteries, allowing for vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle energy transfer capabilities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If existing bidirectional chargers are used, then basic charging functionality is provided, but the power output is insufficient for meaningful grid balancing
Solution Approach 1:
The battery system is divided into two separate batteries with different voltage ratings (first battery and second battery). This segmentation allows each battery to be optimized for its specific voltage level, enabling the system to achieve higher overall power output and better grid balancing capability than a single integrated battery could provide.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple conversion stages are used in the charger, then voltage matching between different batteries and grid is achieved, but system complexity and heat generation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The bidirectional charger is designed to perform multiple functions: it can charge both the first and second batteries from the grid, discharge both batteries to the grid, and transfer energy between the two batteries. This multi-functionality is achieved through a streamlined conversion architecture that reduces the number of dedicated conversion stages needed while maintaining full voltage compatibility across all components.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple conversion stages are used, then voltage transformation is achieved, but heat generation increases reducing efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates unnecessary conversion stages from the charging system. By directly connecting each battery to the bidirectional charger with appropriate voltage-matching circuitry, the system removes redundant conversion steps that would otherwise generate excessive heat and reduce overall efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The split battery architecture enhances the capability for grid balancing by enabling the charger to provide up to 920V output, exceeding the limitations of individual electronics, and minimizing conversion stages to reduce complexity and heat generation, thus ensuring efficient and reliable high power charging and grid support.
Implementation Method 1
utilizing bidirectional AC-DC and DC-DC converters to enable efficient energy transfer
Implementation Method 2
utilizing bidirectional AC-DC and DC-DC converters to enable efficient energy transfer
Implementation Method 3
A high power bidirectional charger with a split battery architecture, comprising a low voltage battery and a higher voltage battery
Data Source
AI summary
High power bidirectional charging systems with a split battery architecture are disclosed. The bidirectional charging systems can include a bidirectional charger and an integrated battery. The bidirectional charger is bidirectional, providing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy transfer capability from an electrical grid to an electric vehicle (EV), as well as electrical energy transfer capability from the integrated battery to the power grid and from EV battery to the electrical grid. The integrated battery is split into two sections. A first battery section is a lower voltage battery, which can feed the output direct current (DC) directly without a converter. A second battery section is a higher voltage battery. The output power provided by the charger can exceed voltage limits of the individual electronic components by adding the output of the first integrated battery section with an output of the second integrated battery section.