Split Gate Logic Camouflage for IC Reverse Engineering

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Solution Overview

Problem

Reverse engineering of integrated circuits poses a significant threat to the semiconductor industry, as attackers can steal and replicate circuit designs, and existing countermeasures like camouflage circuits are costly and energy-intensive.

Innovation Solution

The SPLIT GATE approach involves distributing logic gates across multiple cell areas, where transistors are split between cell rows, increasing the complexity and effort required for reverse engineering by camouflaging the gate's pattern across neighboring cell areas, without requiring process technology modifications.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If transistors are distributed across multiple cell areas, then reverse engineering difficulty increases, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereverse engineering threatVSAvoidgate structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gate is segmented into multiple transistors distributed across different cell areas. Each transistor is placed in a separate cell area delimited by supply lines, so that the complete gate function is distributed rather than concentrated in one location. This segmentation makes reverse engineering more difficult while maintaining the same logical gate functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Object-affected harmful factors

If supply lines are placed between cell areas, then gate camouflage improves, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepattern recognition difficultyVSAvoidtransistor placement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

Supply lines act as intermediary elements that naturally delimit cell areas and separate transistors. By placing supply lines between cell areas, the patent uses existing structural elements to achieve both camouflage (by separating gate transistors) and maintains manufacturing feasibility (by using standard supply line routing). The supply lines serve as both electrical conduits and spatial separators.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentUS9385726B2Chip and method for manufacturing a chip
Publication Date: 2016.07.05 INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG

AI summary

According to one embodiment, a chip is described comprising a plurality of supply lines delimiting a plurality of cell areas and a gate comprising a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein the first transistor is located in a first cell area of the plurality of cell areas and the second transistor is located in a second cell area of the plurality of cell areas such that a supply line of the plurality of supply lines lies between the first cell area and the second cell area.