Split IDEC Air Handling Layout for Lower Pressure Drop

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing evaporative free-cooling devices face inefficiencies due to increased air flow path and pressure drop, temperature stratification, and increased size and weight, which can lead to air leakage and reduced heat transfer capacity per volume.

Innovation Solution

The design incorporates a hot air plenum and split indoor room warm air flow into two paths through indirect evaporative cooling systems with condenser and evaporator sections, reducing temperature stratification and allowing for smaller, lighter heat exchanger sections, and optional operation as a vapor compression system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a stack design with cross flow cubes is used, then the mechanical structure is simple, but the air flow path increases causing higher pressure drop and increased fan power

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical structureVSAvoidair side pressure drop
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger is divided into multiple smaller cubes (e.g., 6x6x6 configuration) rather than using a single large stack. This segmentation reduces the air flow path length within each cube, thereby decreasing the air side pressure drop while maintaining structural simplicity through modular assembly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Volume of stationary object

If a large cross flow design cube is used, then the heat exchanger volume is large, but temperature stratification occurs causing icing risk and potential structure breakage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchanger volumeVSAvoidtemperature stratification
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of stationary objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The large heat exchanger volume is segmented into multiple smaller cubes arranged in a grid pattern. This segmentation creates more uniform airflow distribution across the heat exchanger surface, reducing temperature stratification and eliminating the icing risk associated with large single-cube designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Length of stationary object

If the overall dimension of the heat exchanger increases three times, then the size and weight increase, but the capacity per volume decreases by 2/3

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchanger dimensionVSAvoidheat transfer capacity per volume
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using a single large heat exchanger, the system employs multiple smaller cubes (e.g., 6x6x6 configuration). This segmentation maintains high heat transfer capacity per volume by avoiding the 2/3 capacity loss that occurs when overall dimensions are tripled, while still achieving the required total cooling capacity through parallel arrangement of multiple units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design enhances efficiency by reducing fan power requirements, minimizing the risk of icing, and achieving better volume effectiveness, resulting in a more compact and energy-efficient cooling system.

Implementation Method 1

EFC devices rely on the evaporation of water (i.e., evaporative cooling) on one side of the device to help cool a warm airflow on the other side of the device. Water is atomized and sprayed into the non-saturated ingested air. The evaporation of the water on the outdoor ambient air stream cools the outdoor air and at the same time cools ingested warm air from the indoor room by heat transfer plates.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporative cooling: Evaporation

Implementation Method 2

The evaporation of the water on the outdoor ambient air stream cools the outdoor air and at the same time cools ingested warm air from the indoor room by heat transfer plates.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

In the free-cooling mode the EFC device essentially operates as an air-to-air heat exchanger to cool the ingested warm air.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchanger: Heat Exchanger

Data Source

PatentEP3701198B1Air handling system and method for forming an air handling system
Publication Date: 2021.12.08 VERTIV CORP
  • EP3701198B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3701198B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to an air handling system which has a fan supply section for intaking warm air from a room environment, and first and second indirect evaporative cooling subsystems (IDECs) spaced apart from one another to form an air plenum and a hot aisle in communication with the air plenum. The air plenum and the hot aisle are both formed between the IDECs, with the air plenum communicating with the fan supply section to receive the warm air. The IDECs receive the warm air and cool the warm air to produce first and second cooled airflows. The system also includes spaced apart cold aisles adjacent each of the IDECs for channeling the cooled airflows into an evaporator section. The evaporator section produces a final cooled airflow which is directed back into the room environment.