SPR-EIS Sensor with Dielectric Nanoparticles for Analyte Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting pathogens, particularly in medical diagnostics and industrial applications, are costly, time-consuming, and require extensive equipment, limiting on-site diagnostics and adaptability to different analytes, especially for viruses and bacterial cells.
Innovation Solution
A device and method combining surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and frequency-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using a sensor surface functionalized with dielectric nanoparticles, allowing for simultaneous and independent detection of analytes through molecules specifically binding to the analyte, enhancing sensitivity and reliability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional pathogen detection methods (ELISA, real-time PCR, electron microscopy) are used, then detection accuracy and reliability are improved, but device complexity, cost, and time consumption increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines SPR and EIS measurement methods into a single integrated device platform. The sensor chip integrates both optical (SPR) and electrochemical (EIS) detection capabilities, allowing simultaneous or sequential measurement of the same analyte binding events through two different physical principles, thereby improving reliability without requiring separate complex equipment systems
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a universal detection platform that can detect multiple types of analytes (viruses, bacteria, proteins, small molecules) using the same integrated SPR-EIS device. The sensor surface can be functionalized with different recognition elements (antibodies, aptamers, receptors) to detect various targets, eliminating the need for analyte-specific equipment while maintaining high detection reliability
2Measurement precision
If traditional pathogen detection methods are used, then detection precision is improved, but detection time and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables continuous real-time monitoring of analyte binding events using both SPR and EIS measurements simultaneously. The device continuously tracks association and dissociation kinetics without requiring sample preparation, incubation, or multiple measurement steps, achieving high detection precision in a single continuous measurement process that significantly reduces detection time compared to traditional batch methods
3Measurement precision
If traditional detection methods are implemented, then detection sensitivity is improved, but adaptability to different analytes deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The integrated SPR-EIS platform provides universal adaptability to detect diverse analytes including viruses, bacteria, proteins, and small molecules using the same hardware system. The sensor surface can be functionalized with different biological recognition elements (antibodies, aptamers, cell receptors) while maintaining high detection sensitivity through the combined physical-chemical measurement approaches
4Measurement precision
If conventional detection systems are used, then measurement accuracy is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements self-referential measurement protocols where the device automatically performs background subtraction, signal normalization, and data processing using built-in reference channels and algorithms. The integrated SPR-EIS system automatically correlates optical and electrochemical signals, eliminating the need for manual calibration or interpretation by operators while maintaining high measurement accuracy
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive detection of analytes, including viruses, with improved signal amplification and adaptability, facilitating mobile and high-throughput diagnostics.
Implementation Method 1
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free detection method that is suitable for investigating processes at metal/air or metal/liquid interfaces and has achieved great importance in biosensor technology due to its high sensitivity. The SPR effect is based on the total reflection of light polarized parallel to the plane of incidence on a thin metal layer
Implementation Method 2
Impedimetry, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is, alongside amperometry and potentiometry, a versatile electrochemical measurement method. It allows the measurement of cellular changes in real time. From the measurement of the impedance, conclusions can be drawn about the immobilization of biomolecules and the adhesion of cell cultures on the sensor surfaces
Implementation Method 3
The sensor surface is functionalized with dielectric nanoparticles, which are completely or partially embedded in the sensor surface. This functionalization enhances the sensitivity and signal detection capability of the sensor system
Implementation Method 4
molecules that specifically bind to the analyte are immobilized on this surface. The binding of the analyte to the sensor surface by means of molecules that specifically bind to the analyte can be demonstrated using the electrochemical measuring circuit
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2a~2c
Figure 3
AI summary
The device has dielectric nanoparticles and an electrode trained sensor surface for an internal combustion engine. A counter (4a) and a reference electrode (4b) are arranged and spaced with respect to the sensor surface. A transparent substrate is applied partially on the sensor surface for surface plasma resonance (SPR). A supplementary sensor surface for the SPR is immobilized on the nanoparticles at analyte binding molecules, where the binding molecules are selected from antibodies, peptide aptamers and/or DNA aptamers. An independent claim is also included for a method for detecting an analyte in a sample.