Miniaturized SPR Sensor for Metal Ion Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current metal ion concentration analysis systems for liquids are limited by their bulkiness, high cost, slow response times, and inability to perform accurate, direct in situ detection, particularly in field applications.
Innovation Solution
A miniaturized optical sensor integrating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) or hydrogel chemistries for real-time, cost-effective metal ion concentration analysis, enabling compact, robust, and field-compatible systems.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional metal ion concentration analysis systems are used, then measurement accuracy is achieved, but device size becomes large and bulky
Solution Approach 1:
The device is segmented into modular functional components: a microcontroller unit, a display module, and a sensor array. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently, enabling accurate measurements while maintaining a compact overall form factor suitable for portable field use.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a nested structure where the sensor array is integrated within the housing, the display is embedded in the housing, and the microcontroller is contained within the housing. This nesting arrangement maximizes space utilization, achieving accurate metal ion concentration measurement in a compact portable device.
2Measurement precision
If conventional metal ion concentration analysis systems are used, then measurement capability is provided, but response time becomes slow
Solution Approach 1:
The microcontroller is pre-programmed with algorithms that enable rapid processing of sensor data. The device performs preliminary calibration and data preparation in advance, allowing for quick response times when metal ion concentration measurements are required in field conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces conventional mechanical or chemical analysis methods with electronic sensing and digital processing. The sensor array electronically detects metal ion concentrations, and the microcontroller rapidly processes the signals, eliminating the slow response times associated with traditional laboratory-based analytical methods.
3Measurement precision
If conventional metal ion concentration analysis systems are used, then analysis functionality is provided, but cost becomes high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs cost-effective sensor elements and a simple microcontroller-based system that can be manufactured at low cost. The device is designed as an affordable portable unit suitable for widespread field deployment, sacrificing some laboratory-grade durability for significantly reduced manufacturing cost while maintaining adequate measurement precision for field applications.
Solution Approach 2:
The microcontroller automatically performs calibration, data processing, and display updates without requiring external laboratory equipment or specialized operators. This self-service capability eliminates the need for expensive laboratory infrastructure and highly trained personnel, making accurate metal ion concentration analysis accessible in field conditions at lower cost.
4Measurement precision
If conventional metal ion concentration analysis systems are used, then measurement capability is provided, but portability becomes limited
Solution Approach 1:
The device is designed as a universal portable analyzer that can measure multiple metal ion concentrations using a single integrated system. The microcontroller coordinates multiple sensors and the display to provide comprehensive field analysis, eliminating the need for multiple separate laboratory instruments and enabling accurate measurements in diverse field conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from laboratory-based benchtop instruments to a portable handheld device by reconfiguring the spatial arrangement of components. The sensor array, microcontroller, and display are integrated into a compact form factor that fits in the hand, enabling accurate metal ion concentration measurements in field conditions without the bulk of traditional laboratory equipment.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides real-time, accurate metal ion concentration analysis with high sensitivity and dynamic range, suitable for various applications including manufacturing, water treatment, and medical uses, with a compact form factor and sensitivity below parts per million levels.
Implementation Method 1
The optical sensor utilizes surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The layer 145 may comprise a Au film approximately 175 Å thick. The angle (θ) at which SPR occurs is highly dependant on the refractive index of the material in contact with the thin metal film 145 deposited on the dielectric 140.
Implementation Method 2
The present invention integrates SPR with novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) or hydrogel chemistries for use as a metal ion concentration sensor. Adsorption of metal ions from liquids has been demonstrated with high selectivity using SAM and hydrogel materials.
Implementation Method 3
The present invention integrates SPR with novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) or hydrogel chemistries for use as a metal ion concentration sensor.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus utilizes miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ion-selective self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and hydrogel chemistry to measure metal ion concentrations in liquids. The SPR optical system is packaged in a compact and cost-effective form factor. An electronic circuit drives the optical system. The SPR system utilizes an optical window that is coated with the SAM layer or hydrogel material. The SAM layer and hydrogel materials are highly selective to a specific metal ion of interest. The miniaturized SPR sensor is situated in an optical-fluidic cell or an optical-fluidic manifold with the SAM layer or hydrogel material in contact with the liquid. Metal ions selectively attach to the SAM layer or hydrogel material, thereby affecting the SPR signal. Changes in the SPR signal are used to accurately determine the metal ion concentration in the liquid. The liquids may be either static or dynamic.