Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrode Manufacturing via Spray Deposition

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing methods for manufacturing supercapacitors face challenges such as high internal resistance, inadequate porosity, and the use of toxic solvents, which hinder industrial-scale production and performance due to the need for polymeric binders and inhomogeneous pore distributions in activated carbon electrodes.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the simultaneous spraying of suspensions with different micro-nanoparticle compositions onto a flexible substrate, using a set of nozzles to cover the same impact area, with subsequent heating to evaporate solvents, eliminating the need for toxic solvents and allowing for the deposition of multiple layers without nozzle changes, thus optimizing energy density and power while reducing maintenance issues.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If polymer binder is used to ensure mechanical strength of electrode structure, then mechanical strength is improved, but internal electrical resistance increases and weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strength of electrode structureVSAvoidinternal electrical resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the polymer binder component from the electrode structure entirely, replacing it with a binder-free architecture where active material particles are directly assembled into mechanically robust electrodes through controlled aggregation and compression, thereby eliminating the source of high internal resistance and excess weight

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite electrode structure composed of active material particles, conductive additives, and porous substrate without polymer binder, where the synergistic arrangement of these components provides both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If polymer binder is used to ensure mechanical strength of electrode structure, then mechanical strength is improved, but weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strength of electrode structureVSAvoidweight of electrode
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and eliminates the polymer binder from the electrode composition, achieving mechanical strength through the physical assembly and compression of active material particles and conductive framework without adding unnecessary weight from binder materials

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional activated carbon with inhomogeneous pore size distribution is used, then manufacturing is simplified, but ionic transfer resistance increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of electrode manufacturingVSAvoidionic transfer resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality control by ensuring uniform pore size distribution and consistent structural properties throughout the electrode material, creating locally optimized conditions for ionic transfer while maintaining overall manufacturing simplicity through standardized particle synthesis and assembly processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Ease of operation

If toxic solvents such as NMP are used to suspend micro/nanoparticles, then particle suspension is improved, but environmental pollution and toxicity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle suspension capabilityVSAvoidtoxicity and environmental pollution
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the solvent parameter from toxic organic solvents like NMP to water or environmentally benign alternatives, achieving effective particle suspension through optimized water-based formulations and controlled hydrodynamic conditions that eliminate toxicity while maintaining suspension quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

5Manufacturing precision

If multiple layers with different micro/nanoparticle compositions are deposited sequentially, then composition control is improved, but production time increases due to nozzle changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomposition control of deposited layersVSAvoidproduction rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements multi-functionality by equipping the deposition system with a multi-nozzle array where each nozzle is dedicated to a specific micro/nanoparticle suspension, allowing simultaneous deposition of multiple different compositions in a single pass without requiring nozzle changes, thereby maintaining composition precision while dramatically increasing production speed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

6Productivity

If micro/nanoparticle concentration is increased during spraying, then deposition efficiency is improved, but nozzle clogging increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeposition efficiencyVSAvoidnozzle maintenance requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the concentration parameter of micro/nanoparticle suspensions to achieve an ideal balance point where sufficient particles are delivered for efficient deposition while maintaining low enough concentration to prevent nozzle clogging, supplemented by suspension stability enhancements through surface modification and dispersant optimization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the energy and power density of supercapacitors, reduces internal resistance, and enables industrial-scale production without the use of toxic solvents, improving the longevity and performance of the capacitors by using a flexible substrate and controlled deposition of micro-nanoparticles.

Implementation Method 1

heat said flexible substrate, during each spraying, so as to promote the complete evaporation of said solvent of said suspensions sprayed on said flexible substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP3459095B1Method of manufacturing a supercapacitor
Publication Date: 2021.08.11 THALES SA
  • EP3459095B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3459095B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3459095B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The invention relates to energy storage components, in particular to a method for producing a supercapacitor comprising a flexible substrate (1), said method comprising at least the steps consisting of: unrolling said flexible substrate (1) from a first roll (2); spraying a plurality of suspensions (7) comprising microparticles/nanoparticles (4) suspended in a solvent (8), the suspension or suspensions (7) being sprayed by a plurality of nozzles (9); transporting at least a part of said flexible substrate (1) through at least one deposition zone (5) for microparticles/nanoparticles (4), in a transport direction (10) of said flexible substrate (1), the interaction of said deposition zone (5) and said flexible substrate (1) forming an impact zone (17); and heating said flexible substrate (1), during each spraying, in such a way as to cause the complete evaporation of said solvent or solvents (8) of said suspensions (7) sprayed onto said flexible substrate (1).