Spring-Loaded Rivet Clamping for Radar Waveguide PCBAs

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional fasteners such as screws and bolts used to secure waveguides to printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) in radar sensors fail to adequately accommodate thermal expansion, contraction, and creeping, leading to loss of clamping force and undesirable gaps that compromise the effectiveness of the connection.

Innovation Solution

A spring-loaded rivet with an elastic material section that provides a flexible clamping force, accommodating thermal expansion and contraction, and reduces creeping, ensuring a constant connection between the waveguide and PCBA.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional rigid fasteners (screws or bolts) are used to secure the PCBA and waveguide together, then the fastening strength is initially high, but the clamping force is lost over time due to creeping and thermal expansion/contraction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefastening strengthVSAvoidclamping force retention
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces rigid fasteners with a spring-loaded rivet system where the spring element provides dynamic compliance. The spring continuously adjusts to thermal expansion and contraction while maintaining constant clamping force, preventing the creeping phenomenon that plagues rigid fasteners. The spring's elastic deformation absorbs dimensional changes without losing fastening effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the mechanical parameter of the fastener from rigid (zero compliance) to elastic (controlled compliance). The spring element's stiffness is specifically designed to accommodate the thermal expansion differences between the PCBA and waveguide while maintaining sufficient clamping force. This parameter change transforms the fastener from a static component to one that dynamically adapts to thermal and mechanical stresses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If the waveguide and PCBA are secured with conventional fasteners, then the initial connection is secure, but thermal expansion and contraction cause the fastener to work loose over time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconnection securityVSAvoidfastener effectiveness duration
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The spring-loaded rivet provides continuous dynamic adjustment to maintain connection security. As the waveguide and PCBA expand and contract thermally, the spring compresses and extends accordingly, preventing the fastener from working loose. This dynamic mechanism ensures the connection remains secure throughout the entire service life of the assembly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The spring element acts as a pre-configured cushion against thermal expansion and contraction. By designing the spring with appropriate initial compression and stiffness, the system is pre-prepared to absorb dimensional changes before they cause fastener loosening. This beforehand cushioning prevents the progressive loss of clamping force that occurs with conventional fasteners.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Force

If rigid fasteners are used to secure the PCBA and waveguide, then the fastening force is initially high, but shear stresses from thermal expansion negatively affect fastener effectiveness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefastening forceVSAvoidshear stress from thermal expansion
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the fastener's mechanical parameter from rigid to elastic, allowing it to accommodate shear stresses from thermal expansion. The spring element's compliance enables it to absorb dimensional changes without transmitting harmful shear forces to the PCBA or waveguide, while maintaining adequate fastening force throughout thermal cycles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The spring element acts as an intermediary between the PCBA and waveguide, decoupling their thermal expansion behaviors. Instead of rigidly transmitting shear stresses between the two components, the spring absorbs these stresses through elastic deformation, protecting both components from thermal-induced shear damage while maintaining their mechanical connection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The spring-loaded rivet maintains a gapless connection, reduces electromagnetic interference, and enhances the reliability and longevity of the assembly by accommodating thermal changes and mechanical stresses.

Implementation Method 1

The spring element compresses during waveguide and PCBA expansion and elongates during waveguide and PCBA contraction to provide a constant rivet clamping force

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 2

The mandrel shank is pulled through the rivet head, causing the mandrel head to deform the rivet tail toward the rivet head

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasticity: Plasticity

Implementation Method 3

Thermal expansion and contraction also contribute to creeping and occurs where the waveguide, PCBA, and/or the fastener have different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Data Source

PatentEP4583640A1Springloaded rivet for radar waveguide PCBA interface
Publication Date: 2025.07.09 GM CRUISE HOLDINGS LLC
  • EP4583640A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4583640A1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4583640A1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) waveguide assembly comprises a PCBA, a waveguide, and a spring-loaded rivet. The spring-loaded rivet comprises a rivet head, a rivet shank, a rivet tail, and a spring element and fastens the PBCA to the waveguide. The spring element provides flexibility in the clamping force of the rivet to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction, creeping and shear forces experienced by the PCBA and waveguide.