Spring Stress Inspection Under Load Using X-Ray Diffraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods fail to accurately evaluate stress distribution in springs under load, particularly due to insufficient consideration of shape changes and residual stress, which is crucial for weight reduction in automotive parts.

Innovation Solution

A method involving applying a load to the spring, measuring stress using X-ray diffraction with the cos α method, and determining if the measured stress meets predefined criteria to ensure accurate stress distribution under load.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If the finite element method is used to simulate stress distribution under assumed load, then the stress caused by spring shape can be inspected, but the residual stress from shot peening and actual stress under load cannot be accurately evaluated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestress distribution measurement accuracyVSAvoidproduct evaluation reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical simulation approach (finite element method with assumed loads) with a non-destructive inspection method using X-ray diffraction to directly measure residual stress on the spring surface. This substitution allows actual stress measurement under various load conditions without requiring complex simulations or destructive testing, thereby improving both measurement precision and product evaluation reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary measurement system (X-ray diffraction inspection apparatus) that acts as a mediator between the spring product and the evaluation process. This intermediary enables indirect measurement of stress distribution under load by measuring lattice plane inclination changes, allowing accurate stress evaluation without directly interfering with the spring's functionality or requiring destructive sampling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If destructive inspection is used to measure residual stress after shot peening, then residual stress can be inspected, but the spring cannot be used and stress under load cannot be evaluated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresidual stress measurement accuracyVSAvoidproduction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces destructive mechanical inspection methods with non-destructive X-ray diffraction measurement. This substitution allows residual stress to be measured accurately while preserving the spring for actual use, thereby maintaining production efficiency and enabling subsequent load-based stress evaluation that was impossible with destructive testing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The inspection method enables the spring to essentially inspect itself for stress distribution issues without requiring external destructive sampling. The X-ray diffraction technique measures the spring's own lattice structure changes under load, allowing the product to be evaluated in its actual service condition without being removed from the production flow or sacrificed for testing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Weight of moving object

If the spring shape is changed to reduce weight, then weight reduction is achieved, but stress distribution becomes complex and difficult to inspect

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespring weightVSAvoidstress distribution inspection difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical stress analysis methods with X-ray diffraction measurement, which directly measures lattice plane inclination changes caused by stress. This substitution works regardless of spring shape complexity, enabling accurate stress distribution measurement on weight-reduced springs with optimized geometries that would be difficult to analyze using traditional finite element simulation or mechanical testing methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the production of springs with verified stress distribution under load, facilitating stable weight reduction and quality assurance.

Implementation Method 1

measuring the stress on a surface of an active part of the spring using X-ray diffraction with cos α method

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray diffraction: X-Ray

Implementation Method 2

measuring the stress on a surface of an active part of the spring using X-ray diffraction with cos α method

Methodology Applied
Scientific Effectcos α method: Bragg Diffraction

Data Source

PatentEP3792520B1Method for manufacturing a spring
Publication Date: 2025.07.30 MITSUBISHI STEEL MFG CO LTD
  • EP3792520B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3792520B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3792520B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Provided is a method of manufacturing a spring for inspecting the stress distribution of the spring under load. The method for manufacturing a spring (1) includes the steps of applying a load to the spring (1), measuring the stress of the spring (1) under the load, and releasing the load applied to the spring (1), the measuring the stress of the spring (1) being made by measuring the stress on the surface of the active part of the spring (1) using X-ray diffraction with the cosα method, and the method further including the step of determining whether the magnitude of the stress of the spring (1) meets a criterion.