Sputtered TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for forming mesoporous layers in perovskite solar cells, such as spin coating and spray pyrolysis, require high temperatures and are not suitable for flexible devices, leading to high energy consumption and limited applicability.
Innovation Solution
A method involving sputtering a compact titanium dioxide layer with a thickness of 20-120 nm and a roughened titanium dioxide layer with a thickness of 20-30 nm is used to form an electron transporting layer, enhancing electron transport efficiency without the need for high-temperature annealing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If spin coating or spray pyrolysis is used to form the mesoporous layer, then the contact area between the electron transporting layer and perovskite layer is increased, but the annealing temperature must be higher than 450° C. leading to high energy consumption and unsuitability for flexible devices
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the formation method of the electron transporting layer from solution-based (spin coating/spray pyrolysis) to physical vapor deposition (sputtering). This parameter change allows the layer to be formed at low temperatures (below 450° C.) while maintaining the desired mesoporous structure and large contact area with the perovskite layer, thus resolving the contradiction between contact area and annealing temperature
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the chemical/solution-based formation process (spin coating, spray pyrolysis) with a physical sputtering process. This substitution eliminates the need for high-temperature annealing while still achieving the mesoporous structure that provides large contact area, thereby solving the technical contradiction
2Shape
If spin coating or spray pyrolysis is used to form the mesoporous layer, then the mesoporous structure can be achieved, but the energy consumption increases due to high-temperature annealing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the thermal/chemical process (spin coating followed by high-temperature annealing) with a physical sputtering process. This substitution enables formation of the mesoporous structure at low temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption while maintaining the desired mesoporous morphology
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the processing temperature parameter from high (above 450° C.) to low (below 450° C.) by adopting sputtering technology. This parameter change allows achievement of the mesoporous structure with reduced energy consumption, resolving the contradiction between structure formation and energy usage
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method improves electron transmission efficiency and carrier collection ability in perovskite solar cells, making them suitable for flexible devices with reduced energy consumption.
Implementation Method 1
sputtering a compact layer onto a light transmitting electrode; sputtering a roughened layer onto the compact layer
Implementation Method 2
The perovskite solar cell has a high light absorption efficiency, such that photons can be quickly separated into electrons and electron holes
Data Source
AI summary
A perovskite solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes: sputtering a compact layer onto a light transmitting electrode, in which the compact layer has a thickness ranging from 20 nm to 120 nm, and a material of the compact layer is titanium dioxide; sputtering a roughened layer onto the compact layer, in which the roughened layer has a thickness ranging from 20 nm to 30 nm, and a material of the roughened layer is titanium dioxide; disposing a perovskite layer onto the roughened layer; disposing a hole transporting layer onto the perovskite layer; and disposing a back electrode onto the hole transporting layer.