Storage Stable Chlorine Standards for Aqueous Analysis
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing standards for measuring chlorine species in water are unstable and have a short shelf life due to decomposition, making them impractical for use in calibration and testing of analytical instruments.
Innovation Solution
A storage-stable aqueous composition with the formula R1R2NCl, where R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl, is used within an openable storage vessel, maintaining chlorine content stability by less than 20% over three months at 30°C, and is buffered with a pH between 7 and 12, eliminating multiple equilibria issues found in ammonia-based chloramines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional chlorine standards are used, then calibration and testing can be performed, but the standards decompose quickly and have short shelf life
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the standard solution by using alternative chlorine compounds (such as monochloramine, dichloramine, or trichloramine) instead of traditional free chlorine standards. These alternative compounds have different chemical stability characteristics that resist decomposition, thereby extending shelf life while maintaining reliability for calibration purposes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite standard solution by combining chlorine compounds with specific buffer systems and stabilizing agents. This composite formulation enhances the overall stability of the standard, preventing decomposition and extending usable shelf life while maintaining accurate chlorine concentration for instrument calibration
2Ease of manufacture
If ammonia-based chloramines are used, then chlorine standards can be prepared, but multiple equilibria issues arise causing instability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts or removes the problematic ammonia component from the chloramine system. By using alternative nitrogen sources or different chlorine-nitrogen compounds that do not exhibit multiple equilibria behavior, the patent eliminates the instability caused by ammonia-based chloramines while still enabling standard preparation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediary substances or modified chemical systems that mediate between chlorine and nitrogen components. These intermediaries prevent the formation of multiple equilibria while allowing the preparation of stable chlorinated standards, thus resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and composition stability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a stable chlorine standard that maintains concentration accuracy over extended periods, suitable for calibration and testing, enhancing the reliability of chlorine species analysis in water disinfection monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
an aqueous composition including a compound having the formula R1R2NCl wherein R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl, wherein the aqueous composition is storage stable within the openable storage vessel
Implementation Method 2
The aqueous composition may, for example, be buffered, and its pH may, for example, be between approximately 7 and 12
Data Source
AI summary
A standard for testing measurement systems for aqueous chlorine species analysis includes an openable storage vessel and an aqueous composition including a compound having the formula R1R2NCl where R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl or propyl, wherein the aqueous composition is storage stable within the openable storage vessel.