Stable Peroxide–Chlorine Compositions for Aqueous Disinfection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid solutions are unstable when combined, leading to ineffective sterilization and disinfection due to rapid redox reactions that eliminate both compounds, limiting their simultaneous use in aqueous solutions.
Innovation Solution
A composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine is stabilized by adding metal salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium oxide, calcium chloride, and sodium phosphate, which maintain equilibrium and pH, allowing for the simultaneous presence of both compounds.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid are mixed to create a sterilization composition, then broad-spectrum efficacy against viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi is achieved, but the composition becomes unstable due to rapid redox reactions that eliminate both compounds
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces metal salts (calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride) as intermediary substances that mediate between hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. These intermediaries stabilize the mixture by controlling the redox reactions and maintaining pH balance, allowing both active compounds to coexist without rapid decomposition while preserving their sterilization efficacy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes key parameters of the solution including pH level and ionic composition by adding metal salts. By adjusting pH and introducing specific ions (Ca2+, Na+, PO4 3-, Cl-), the chemical equilibrium is shifted to favor stability of both hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, resolving the contradiction between reactivity and stability.
2Stability of the object's composition
If metal salts are added to stabilize the composition, then solution stability and pH equilibrium are improved, but the complexity of the composition increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs common, inexpensive metal salts (calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride) that are readily available and easily handled. These simple, short-acting stabilizers provide sufficient stability for the sterilization composition without requiring complex formulations or specialized components, thus minimizing composition complexity while achieving the desired stability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The stabilized composition exhibits improved cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing properties, maintaining stability and efficacy over time, with enhanced disinfection capabilities against viruses, bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.
Implementation Method 1
Metal salts disclosed herein may include compositions of one of more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium oxide, calcium chloride, and sodium phosphate
Implementation Method 2
Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid solutions are unstable when combined, leading to ineffective sterilization and disinfection due to rapid redox reactions that eliminate both compounds
Implementation Method 3
Both compounds demonstrate broad-spectrum efficacy against viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and bacterial spores
Data Source
AI summary
The present specification discloses a method of making a composition stably comprising one or more peroxides and one or more free available chlorine species, one or more peroxide for use in the manufacture of a composition stably comprising one or more peroxides and one or more free available chlorine species, as well as formulated compositions using a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein.