Stacked Chilled Ammonia CO2 Capture Column
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current ammonia-based carbon dioxide abatement systems, such as the Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP), require a large footprint and numerous components, leading to increased investment costs and operational complexities due to the separation and recycling of ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Innovation Solution
The system integrates key components like the regenerator, CO2 water wash section, and ammonia stripper into a single column, optimizing fluid coupling and reducing the overall dimension and number of equipment, with a stacked configuration that minimizes civil works and foundation requirements, and utilizes a high-hydraulic head pump for efficient water circulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If key components (regenerator, CO2 water wash section, ammonia stripper) are integrated into a single stacked column, then the system footprint and number of components are reduced, but the fluid coupling and operational complexity within the integrated system increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates the regenerator, CO2 water wash section, and ammonia stripper into a single stacked column structure. This merging of previously separate components reduces the overall system footprint and number of equipment pieces while maintaining all necessary functional sections within the unified integrated column.
Solution Approach 2:
Within the integrated column, the patent maintains distinct functional sections (regenerator section, CO2 water wash section, ammonia stripper section) that are vertically stacked and fluidly coupled. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function while being part of the integrated structure, managing operational complexity through clear functional zoning.
2Ease of manufacture
If the stacked configuration integrates multiple components into one column, then investment costs and civil works are reduced, but the operational complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The integration of multiple components into a single stacked column reduces the number of separate equipment pieces and associated civil works, thereby lowering investment costs. The unified structure eliminates the need for multiple foundations and reduces installation complexity compared to separate component arrangements.
3Productivity
If ammonia-based CO2 absorption is conducted at low temperature (0-20°C), then CO2 removal efficiency is improved, but ammonia retention becomes more challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes phase transition principles in the ammonia water wash section and stripper column to manage ammonia retention. The system employs temperature and pressure changes to control ammonia absorption and desorption, ensuring efficient CO2 removal at low temperatures while preventing ammonia emissions through controlled phase changes in the wash and regeneration sections.
Solution Approach 2:
The ammonia water wash section acts as a feedback mechanism to capture and recycle ammonia that escapes during the low-temperature absorption process. The stripper column then regenerates the ammonia for reuse, creating a closed-loop system that maintains both CO2 removal efficiency and ammonia retention.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration significantly reduces the system's footprint, investment costs, and operational complexity while maintaining efficient carbon dioxide removal and ammonia recycling, enhancing the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the ammonia-based carbon dioxide removal process.
Implementation Method 1
a direct contact cooler adapted to receive and cool a flue gas containing gaseous carbon dioxide
Implementation Method 2
The carbon dioxide absorber is adapted to receive cooled flue gas from the direct contact cooler and absorb the gaseous carbon dioxide from the flue gas via an ammonia-based CO2-lean solution
Implementation Method 3
The ammonia water wash section, fluidly coupled to the absorber and adapted to receive the of CO2-lean flue gas stream from the absorber and to absorb ammonia slip from the flue gas via a washing solution
Implementation Method 4
a direct contact heater fluidly coupled to the ammonia water wash section, to receive therefrom the CO2-lean, ammonia-lean flue gas stream and heat the flue gas stream
Implementation Method 5
A regenerator is fluidly coupled to the absorber and adapted to receive the ammonia-based CO2-rich solution stream from the absorber, release CO2 from the ammonia-based CO2-rich solution stream
Implementation Method 6
An ammonia stripper is further provided, which is adapted to receive the ammonia-rich water stream from the CO2 water wash section and from the ammonia water wash section and to remove ammonia from the ammonia-rich water streams
Data Source
AI summary
In an ammonia-based carbon dioxide capturing system sections of the system are stacked to form a single column and save civil works, footprint and components. Specifically, an ammonia regenerator, a carbon dioxide water wash section and an ammonia stripper are stacked to form a single column.