Stacked Membrane Device for Simultaneous Biomolecule Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods require multiple separate processes to isolate DNA, RNA, and proteins from a sample, which can lead to heterogeneity and complications in downstream applications, necessitating a method to simplify the isolation and storage of biomolecules from a single undivided sample.
Innovation Solution
A modular device using stacked membranes with different functionalities, such as sieving, silica, and ligand-provided membranes, allows for simultaneous separation and storage of nucleic acids and proteins from a single sample, employing adsorptive membranes and papers with functionalized chemistries for efficient recovery and storage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple separate methods or kits are used to isolate DNA, RNA and proteins, then the isolation of each biomolecule can be achieved, but the sample is divided into multiple aliquots which may alter results due to heterogeneity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple separate isolation processes into a single integrated device that can simultaneously isolate DNA, RNA, and proteins from the same undivided sample. The device integrates multiple separation mechanisms including size exclusion, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography into one system, allowing all three biomolecule types to be recovered from a single sample aliquot, thereby ensuring data correlation accuracy while reducing procedural complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The isolation device is designed with multi-functional capabilities to handle different types of biomolecules simultaneously. It incorporates universal separation mechanisms that can selectively isolate DNA, RNA, and proteins through different modes of interaction (size-based, charge-based, and affinity-based), allowing a single device to perform multiple isolation functions that previously required separate specialized kits.
2Productivity
If three or more separate columns are employed to isolate DNA, RNA and proteins, then each biomolecule can be separated, but the process becomes complex and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a nested column configuration where multiple separation media are stacked vertically within a single column housing. The first separation media (for DNA), second separation media (for RNA), and third separation media (for proteins) are arranged in sequence, allowing the sample to pass through all separation stages in one continuous flow without requiring multiple separate columns, thereby increasing productivity while maintaining separation effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from a horizontal arrangement of separate columns to a vertical stacking configuration within a single column. This dimensional reorganization allows multiple separation processes to occur simultaneously in series, reducing the footprint and operational complexity while maintaining the ability to isolate all three biomolecule types efficiently.
3Productivity
If rapid separation processes are used to recover labile biomolecules, then recovery efficiency improves, but harsh conditions may damage the biomolecules
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs gentle elution conditions including physiological pH buffers and low-salt solutions that maintain biomolecule integrity. The separation process operates at ambient temperature and pressure, avoiding harsh chemical or physical conditions that could denature proteins or degrade nucleic acids, thus achieving rapid separation while preserving biomolecule reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The device maintains a controlled, mild environment throughout the isolation process, using buffered solutions that prevent degradation of labile biomolecules. The system minimizes exposure to harsh chemicals, extreme pH, or oxidizing conditions, creating an inert protective environment that preserves biomolecule integrity during rapid separation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, reliable, and mild separation processes, ensuring accurate data correlation between DNA, RNA, and protein data directly from a single sample, reducing artifacts from experimental design and improving the efficiency of biomolecule recovery and storage.
Implementation Method 1
Adsorptive membranes and papers are currently available with a range of functionalised chemistries and geometries which permit their application as clarification, concentration, fractionation and a bio-recovery sequence or workflow
Implementation Method 2
an upper membrane A which is a sieving membrane
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a device and method for sample preparation and collection. More closely the invention relates to a device to isolate DNA, RNA and proteins or other biomolecules in one single step from the same undivided sample.