Stacked RFIC Attenuator Using Coupled Lines for PA Linearity
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Solution Overview
Problem
In 5G wireless communication systems, securing optimal linearity while embedding multiple gain modes in power amplifier blocks is challenging, particularly due to the need for spatial efficiency and minimal loss in attenuation modes.
Innovation Solution
A signal attenuation device is implemented in a stack-up structure within an RFIC, utilizing a first and second transmission line with impedance control units that are electromagnetically coupled and controlled by a control unit to adjust impedance values, thereby achieving variable signal attenuation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If an inductor is used to minimize loss in the minimum attenuation mode, then the linearity of the power amplifier signal is maintained, but the mounting space required increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the inductor and capacitor functions into a single integrated impedance control unit using coupled transmission lines. The first and second transmission lines in the stack-up structure work together to provide both inductive and capacitive effects, eliminating the need for separate inductor and capacitor components while maintaining the required impedance control for linearity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a planar layout requiring separate inductor and capacitor components to a three-dimensional stack-up structure with transmission lines on multiple layers. This vertical integration reduces the footprint area while maintaining the electrical functionality through electromagnetic coupling between layers.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple gain modes are embedded in power amplifier blocks, then the dynamic range of input/output power is secured, but the design complexity and difficulty of maintaining optimal linearity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a dynamically controllable impedance control unit that can adjust its impedance value based on the operating mode. The control unit receives control signals and varies the impedance to optimize performance for different gain modes, enabling the system to adapt to multiple operating conditions while maintaining linearity through active control rather than fixed design.
Solution Approach 2:
The coupled transmission line structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides impedance control, acts as an attenuator, and maintains linearity across different operating modes. This multi-functional design reduces the overall system complexity by consolidating what would otherwise require separate components for each function.
3Adaptability or versatility
If an attenuator with various attenuation modes is used to adjust output power magnitude, then the minimum gain mode is secured, but spatial efficiency decreases due to the size of required inductors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the attenuator functionality into the coupled transmission line structure itself. The first and second transmission lines, when electromagnetically coupled, provide the attenuation function without requiring separate inductor components. This integration achieves multiple attenuation modes while minimizing the area occupied by the attenuator structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables efficient use of mounting space while maintaining optimal linearity, as the coupled line transformer structure minimizes the need for separate inductors and allows for precise control of attenuation modes.
Implementation Method 1
a second transmission line positioned in a second layer adjacent to the first layer and electromagnetically coupled to the first transmission line
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a 5th generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate than a 4th generation (4G) communication system such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE). The present disclosure provides a device for variable signal attenuation equipped in a stack-up structure inside an RFIC. The device for signal attenuation comprises: a first transmission line positioned on a first layer inside the RFIC; a second transmission line positioned on a second layer, which is adjacent to the first layer, and electromagnetically coupled to the first transmission line; and a control unit. The first transmission line comprises an impedance control unit on one side. The control unit can variably control the impedance control unit.