Stacked Transistor Air Gaps Reduce Parasitic Capacitance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Previous approaches to reducing capacitance between adjacent gate and source/drain regions in transistors, such as using low-k spacer materials or increasing isolation material thickness, face challenges like increased fabrication difficulty and incompatibility with high-temperature processing.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of air gaps or low-k materials between stacked transistors to replace dielectrics, which reduces parasitic capacitance and improves device performance by selectively removing sacrificial materials and etching dielectrics to create horizontal and vertical air gaps.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If low-k spacer materials are used to reduce capacitance between adjacent gate and source/drain regions, then parasitic capacitance is reduced, but compatibility with high-temperature downstream processing is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparasitic capacitanceVSAvoidcompatibility with high-temperature processing
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the problematic low-k spacer material from the structure entirely. By etching away the low-k material and replacing it with air gaps, the solution eliminates the material compatibility issue while preserving the capacitance reduction benefit. The air gap serves as the isolation medium without suffering from high-temperature processing incompatibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the dielectric parameter from a solid low-k material to an air gap (effectively changing the dielectric constant and material state). This parameter change allows the structure to achieve low capacitance while being compatible with high-temperature processing, as air gaps do not degrade under such conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-generated harmful factors

If the thickness of isolation material between stacked transistors is increased to reduce capacitance, then parasitic capacitance is reduced, but fabrication difficulty increases due to higher aspect ratios

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparasitic capacitanceVSAvoidfabrication difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of increasing thickness in the vertical dimension (which worsens aspect ratio), the patent introduces air gaps in the lateral dimension between stacked transistors. This dimensional shift achieves capacitance reduction without compromising fabrication ease, as the air gaps are formed through selective etching rather than requiring thick material deposition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent removes isolation material to create air gaps, thereby reducing capacitance without requiring additional thick material layers. This extraction approach avoids the fabrication difficulties associated with high aspect ratios while achieving the desired electrical isolation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Object-generated harmful factors

If air gaps are introduced between stacked transistors to reduce parasitic capacitance, then device performance is improved, but fabrication process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparasitic capacitanceVSAvoidfabrication process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates air gap formation into the existing fabrication sequence by performing selective etching of low-k material and isolation material at an appropriate stage. By integrating the air gap creation process into the standard fabrication flow rather than adding a separate complex process, the solution minimizes overall process complexity while achieving capacitance reduction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3758055A1Devices with air gapping within and between stacked transistors and process for providing such
Publication Date: 2020.12.30 INTEL CORP
  • EP3758055A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2A
  • EP3758055A1 patent drawingFigure 2B~2C
  • EP3758055A1 patent drawingFigure 2D~2E

AI summary

A device is disclosed. The device includes a first gate conductor (111b) , a first source-drain region (109b, 109c) adjacent a first side of the first gate conductor and a second source-drain region (109b, 109c) adjacent a second side of the first gate conductor, a second gate conductor (111a) below the first gate conductor, a third source-drain region (109a, 109c) below the first source-drain region and adjacent a first side of the second gate conductor and a fourth source-drain region (109a, 109c) below the second source-drain region and adjacent a second side of the second gate conductor, a first air gap space (123) between the first source-drain region and a first side of the first gate conductor and a second air gap space (123) between the second source-drain region and the second side of the second gate conductor. A planar dielectric layer is formed above the first gate conductor.