Stacked Wideband Directional Antenna for Compact Multi-Band Coverage
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current wide band directional antennas are often large in size and suffer from strong mutual inductance currents between dipoles, which narrows the frequency bands they can cover, particularly at lower frequencies used by 4G and 5G communication standards.
Innovation Solution
A compact wide band directional antenna design featuring a plurality of dipoles with a specific configuration, including a reflector circuit, a dipole circuit connected to a transmission line, and a director circuit, optimized for multiple frequency bands, especially below 1000 MHz, to achieve high gain and impedance adjustment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional wide band directional antenna structures are used to cover multiple frequency bands, then the frequency band coverage is improved, but the antenna dimensions become considerable and mutual inductance currents between dipoles increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a nested configuration where multiple dipoles are arranged in a compact stacked layout along the vertical axis. The first dipole is positioned at a first height, the second dipole at a second height, and the third dipole at a third height, creating a nested vertical arrangement that reduces the horizontal footprint while maintaining multi-band coverage capability across 698-3800 MHz.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a horizontal dipole arrangement to a vertical stacking configuration, utilizing the height dimension to separate dipoles. This dimensional change allows multiple dipoles to be closely spaced without significant mutual coupling, reducing the antenna's overall dimensions while preserving wide frequency band coverage from 698 to 3800 MHz.
2Ease of operation
If antenna dimensions are reduced for compactness, then ease of installation and material usage are improved, but the ability to cover lower frequency bands is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the wide frequency band coverage requirement into three separate dipole elements, each optimized for a specific frequency range. The first dipole covers lower bands, the second dipole covers mid-range bands, and the third dipole covers higher bands. This segmentation allows each dipole to be compact while collectively covering the full 698-3800 MHz range, maintaining ease of installation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a multi-functional antenna system where a single compact antenna structure performs multiple frequency band coverage functions. The stacked dipole configuration enables the antenna to simultaneously support 4G and 5G frequency bands, as well as WiFi and other communication standards, within a compact form factor that maintains ease of installation while covering lower frequency bands effectively.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antenna achieves a compact size with high gain levels, ranging from approximately 6 dBi at lower frequency bands to 13 dBi at higher frequency bands, while maintaining good impedance adjustment across multiple frequency bands, including those used by 4G and 5G standards.
Implementation Method 1
a middle element 2 comprises at least one dipole circuit 21 connected to a transmission line 4
Implementation Method 2
a lower element 1 comprises at least one reflector circuit 11
Implementation Method 3
an upper element 3 comprises at least one director circuit 31
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3~3b
AI summary
A wide band directional antenna comprises three elements (1, 2, 3) which are partially aligned, electrically isolated from each other, of which a lower element (1) comprises at least one reflector circuit (11), a middle element (2) comprises at least one dipole circuit (21) connected to a transmission line (4), and an upper element (3) comprises a director circuit (31), wherein the dipole circuit (21) comprises at least one first pair of conductive elements (211, 212), suitable for forming a minor dipole (21m) connected to the transmission line (4), and at least one second pair of electrically isolated conductive elements (213, 214), excited with capacitive effect by the minor dipole (21m), in such a way as to form a major dipole (21M).