Staged Ozone Feed for Water Treatment
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Solution Overview
Problem
The formation of bromate in water treated with ozone, particularly when bromide ions are present, poses a health risk and requires minimization to meet safety standards, as existing methods can lead to high local ozone concentrations and subsequent bromate formation.
Innovation Solution
A device that feeds ozone into the water flow in stages using multiple static mixers arranged at a distance from each other, preventing excessive local ozone concentrations, and optionally includes upstream hydrogen peroxide addition and UV irradiation to control ozone and hydroxyl radical formation, ensuring gradual ozone dissolution and minimizing bromate production.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If ozone is fed directly into the water flow in high concentration, then oxidation efficiency is improved, but bromate formation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The ozone feed system is divided into multiple feed points along the water flow path, distributing the total ozone dose across several locations rather than one high-concentration injection. This segmentation prevents localized excessive ozone concentrations that cause bromate formation while maintaining overall oxidation efficiency through cumulative ozone exposure.
Solution Approach 2:
Different sections of the water flow receive different ozone concentrations tailored to local needs. The first feed point introduces initial ozone concentration, subsequent feed points add additional ozone at lower concentrations. This gradient approach optimizes oxidation in different zones while preventing bromate formation in high-concentration zones.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If multiple ozone feed points are used to reduce bromate formation, then bromate levels are reduced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The multiple ozone feed points are designed to operate automatically based on the water flow characteristics. The system self-regulates by distributing ozone according to the flow rate and contact time available at each section, eliminating the need for complex control systems while achieving bromate reduction through the inherent physics of distributed injection.
3Productivity
If ozone and hydrogen peroxide are mixed simultaneously, then hydroxyl radical formation is maximized, but bromate formation risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
Ozone is introduced at multiple feed points before the final mixing zone where hydrogen peroxide is added. This preliminary ozone distribution allows initial oxidation to occur and reduces bromide availability in subsequent zones, preventing bromate formation even when ozone and hydrogen peroxide eventually mix to form hydroxyl radicals.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively reduces bromate formation by maintaining low ozone concentrations, allowing for efficient oxidation of contaminants while minimizing the production of unwanted by-products, thus ensuring safer drinking and service water quality.
Implementation Method 1
Such contaminations are reduced using various means. One of these means is the oxidation of organic contaminations.
Implementation Method 2
in which ozone and hydrogen peroxide are introduced into the contaminated water and then react with one another to form a hydroxyl radical
Implementation Method 3
This hydroxyl radical is a highly effective oxidising agent
Implementation Method 4
an irradiation with electromagnetic waves, in particular with UV radiation, is provided between two mixers or after the last mixer
Data Source
AI summary
A method for treating contaminated liquids in a flow by ozone, wherein the ozone is fed in gas form into the flow at one point and then is mixed into the flow in stages by mixers following one another in the flow direction, so that an absolute quantity of introduced ozone increases after each mixer until a feed efficiency of more than 95 percent is reached.