Biological Desulfurization Reactor with Staggered Bio-Carrier Layers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current desulfurization methods for biogas, whether chemical or biological, face challenges such as high power consumption, costly initial setup, and inefficient hydrogen sulfide removal, necessitating a system with high efficiency, stability, and low cost.
Innovation Solution
A biological desulfurization processing system featuring a desulfurization reaction tank with staggered desulfurization and supporting layers, combined with a culture tank for cultivating desulfurization bacteria, enhances gas residence time and loading capacity, utilizing porous bio-carriers and supporting elements for improved desulfurization efficiency and reduced setup costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If chemical desulfurization methods (adsorption or absorption) are used, then hydrogen sulfide removal is achieved, but power consumption increases and adsorbent materials need regular replacement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical/chemical desulfurization systems with a biological system using microorganisms and bio-carriers. The biological desulfurization layer uses living organisms to convert hydrogen sulfide into less harmful substances, eliminating the need for high-power fans and pumps required by chemical methods, while also avoiding the need to replace adsorbent materials.
Solution Approach 2:
The bio-carriers with attached microorganisms perform self-regeneration and self-maintenance. The biological system continuously converts hydrogen sulfide without requiring external energy input for regeneration, unlike chemical adsorbents that must be replaced or regenerated using additional energy. The system maintains its desulfurization capability through the natural metabolic processes of the microorganisms.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If biological desulfurization methods are used, then environmental friendliness and sulfur recovery are achieved, but initial installation cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses porous bio-carriers as the foundation of the biological desulfurization layer. These porous materials provide large surface area for microorganism attachment while maintaining good gas permeability. The porous structure allows efficient contact between hydrogen sulfide and the biological agents, achieving high desulfurization efficiency with a relatively thin layer, thus reducing the volume and cost of the reactor.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure combining inorganic supporting layers (ceramic or metal mesh) with organic biological desulfurization layers containing microorganisms and bio-carriers. This composite design provides both structural support and biological functionality, optimizing the balance between system durability and desulfurization performance while controlling overall system cost.
3Reliability
If gas residence time is increased for better desulfurization, then removal efficiency improves, but processing capacity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates different functional zones within the desulfurization reactor. The supporting layer provides structural support and gas distribution, while the biological desulfurization layer concentrated with microorganisms and bio-carriers provides the actual desulfurization function. This local differentiation allows optimized gas flow paths that maximize contact time in the biological layer while maintaining overall system throughput.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a single-layer desulfurization structure to a multi-layer stacked structure with supporting layers and biological desulfurization layers alternating. This dimensional organization creates multiple interfaces and flow paths, effectively increasing the surface area for gas-biocarrier contact without increasing the reactor volume, thus improving both efficiency and capacity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves high desulfurization efficiency and capacity, maintaining effectiveness across varying hydrogen sulfide loading rates while reducing initial costs through optimized tank design and bacterial cultivation methods.
Implementation Method 1
Biological desulfurization methods use microorganisms to carry out the oxidation reaction of hydrogen sulfide
Implementation Method 2
The desulfurization reaction zone includes at least one desulfurization layer and at least one supporting layer, and the desulfurization layer and the supporting layer are stacked in a staggered manner
Data Source
AI summary
A biological desulfurization processing system is provided. The biological desulfurization processing system includes a desulfurization reaction tank and a culture tank of desulfurization bacteria. The culture tank of desulfurization bacteria is used for cultivating desulfurization bacteria and is connected to the desulfurization reaction tank. The desulfurization reaction tank includes a desulfurization reaction zone. The desulfurization reaction zone includes at least one desulfurization layer and at least one supporting layer, and the desulfurization layer and the supporting layer are stacked in a staggered manner. A biological desulfurization processing method is also provided.