Core-Shell Stannic Oxide Sol for Transparent Conductive Coatings
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing transparent conductive coatings made from stannic oxide particles lack high electrical conductivity and refractive index, and are not stably dispersed in organic solvents, leading to agglomeration and reduced transparency.
Innovation Solution
A modified metal oxide sol is created by coating stannic oxide particles with antimony oxide or silicon oxide particles, with specific size and weight ratios, and using a combination of amines with varying water solubility to stabilize the dispersion in organic solvents.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If stannic oxide particles are used to form transparent conductive coatings, then transparency is achieved, but electrical conductivity is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite metal oxide particles by coating stannic oxide core particles with antimony oxide or silicon oxide shell particles. This composite structure combines the transparency of stannic oxide with the electrical conductivity enhancement from antimony oxide, achieving both optical and electrical performance requirements simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention applies different metal oxide materials to different regions of the particle structure: stannic oxide provides the transparent core while antimony oxide or silicon oxide forms the conductive shell. This local differentiation of material properties allows simultaneous optimization of transparency and electrical conductivity.
2Reliability
If metal oxide particles are dispersed in organic solvents, then coating application is enabled, but particle agglomeration occurs reducing transparency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the surface properties of metal oxide particles by controlling the size ratio between core and shell particles, and by selecting specific metal oxide combinations. These parameter changes enhance particle stability in organic solvents, preventing agglomeration and maintaining transparency in the coating.
Solution Approach 2:
The composite structure of core-shell particles provides enhanced stability in organic solvents compared to single-material particles. The specific combination of stannic oxide core with antimony oxide or silicon oxide shell creates particles that resist agglomeration, ensuring long-term dispersion stability and maintained optical properties.
3Stability of the object's composition
If coating particles are made smaller to improve dispersion, then stability increases, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes specific parameter ranges for particle sizes: core particles of 4-50 nm and shell particles of 1-10 nm. By defining these precise ranges and maintaining the size ratio relationship, the invention achieves stable dispersion while providing clear manufacturing guidelines for particle size control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The modified metal oxide particles achieve high electrical conductivity and refractive index while maintaining transparency, with stable dispersion in organic solvents, suitable for applications requiring antistatic properties and electron transport materials.
Implementation Method 1
the sol includes an amine (a) having a water solubility of 0.1 g/L or more and an amine (b) having a water solubility of less than 0.1 g/L
Implementation Method 2
when doped with indium or antimony, electronic conductivity emerges. Stannic oxide exhibits electronic conductivity due to oxygen defects
Implementation Method 3
Stannic oxide exhibits electronic conductivity due to oxygen defects as well
Implementation Method 4
which modified metal oxide particles (iii) have a high electrical conductivity and a high refractive index
Data Source
AI summary
A modified metal oxide particle sol, when applied as a coating onto a substrate, is capable of having transparency, a high particle refractive index and good coat resistivity. The modified metal oxide particle sol is composed of modified metal oxide particles (iii) in which stannic oxide particles (i) having an average primary particle size of 4 to 50 nm serve as cores and are coated with metal oxide particles (ii) of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of antimony oxide, stannic oxide and silicon oxide and having an average primary particle size of 1 to 10 nm, which modified metal oxide particles (iii) are dispersed in an organic solvent. The average primary particle size of the core particles (i) and the average primary particle size of the coating particles (ii) satisfy the relationshipsize of core particles(i)≥size of coating particles(ii),the ratio (total weight of metal oxides other than stannic oxide)/(weight of stannic oxide) is from 0.005 to 1.0, and the sol includes an amine (a) having a water solubility of 0.1 g/L or more and an amine (b) having a water solubility of less than 0.1 g/L.