State Estimation Apparatus Using Waveform Interval Extraction

The patent extracts only the necessary waveform data during specific time intervals (such as zero-crossing points or peak points of voltage waves) rather than continuously processing all signal data. This selective extraction reduces computational complexity while maintaining estimation accuracy, as the critical deterioration information is captured at these key moments without requiring continuous high-performance sensing.

The patent segments the continuous signal processing into discrete time intervals based on voltage waveform characteristics (e.g., dividing into positive and negative half-cycles, or identifying specific time points like zero-crossings). This segmentation allows simple comparators and threshold-based logic to process information in manageable chunks, avoiding the need for complex continuous analysis while achieving accurate deterioration detection.

Instead of continuous monitoring, the patent implements periodic sampling at specific time intervals defined by voltage waveform characteristics (such as at each zero-crossing point or peak point). This periodic action maintains reliable detection by capturing the essential waveform features at critical moments while significantly reducing the total monitoring time and energy consumption compared to continuous analysis.

The patent ensures continuous detection capability by triggering measurements at every voltage waveform cycle, maintaining uninterrupted monitoring of deterioration trends. The useful action continues through systematic sampling of each cycle's critical points, ensuring no deterioration events are missed while avoiding unnecessary processing during non-critical periods.

The patent uses simple, inexpensive comparison operations and threshold-based logic to detect waveform characteristics rather than requiring complex analytical algorithms. By employing basic comparators and predetermined threshold values (such as voltage level thresholds or time interval thresholds), the system achieves early deterioration detection with minimal computational resources, avoiding the need for expensive high-performance sensors or complex processing hardware.

Instead of analyzing complex waveforms in detail to detect deterioration, the patent inverts the approach by detecting deterioration through simple deviations from expected waveform patterns at critical points. By monitoring whether voltage reaches expected thresholds at expected times and comparing actual versus expected values, the system achieves precise early detection through inverted thinking - looking for simple anomalies rather than complex patterns.