Combined-Cycle Plant Steam Extraction Decoupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Combined-cycle power plants face challenges in decoupling electricity production from heat generation, particularly in seawater desalination processes, where steam extraction requirements fluctuate, leading to inefficient energy use and increased hazardous-substance emissions during partial load operations.

Innovation Solution

The method involves selectively switching between low-pressure and intermediate-pressure steam extraction from the steam turbine, coupled with supplementary firing in the heat recovery steam generator, and using thermal vapor compression devices to manage steam and electricity production independently, reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If steam extraction is increased to meet high heat requirements during low electricity demand, then heat supply capability is improved, but electricity production capability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesteam extraction quantityVSAvoidelectricity production
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically switches between different steam extraction configurations (low-pressure vs intermediate-pressure) based on real-time demand conditions. The steam turbine operates in different modes: extracting steam at low pressure for maximum electricity generation, or at intermediate pressure for optimized heat supply, allowing adaptive response to varying electricity and heat demand ratios

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the operating parameters of the steam turbine by switching extraction pressure levels. By adjusting the extraction pressure from low to intermediate and changing the extraction timing in the turbine cycle, the system optimizes the balance between electricity generation and heat supply according to demand conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Power

If gas turbine load is reduced to match low electricity demand, then electricity production is adjusted, but steam generation capability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectricity productionVSAvoidsteam generation
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The steam generation system is segmented into multiple independent sources: steam from the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam from the steam turbine extraction. This segmentation allows steam supply to be maintained through turbine extraction even when gas turbine load is reduced for low electricity demand periods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The steam turbine serves multiple functions: it generates electricity through the generator and simultaneously provides steam for heat supply through extraction. This multi-functionality ensures that steam generation capability is maintained even when electricity demand is low, as the turbine can operate in extraction mode rather than full power mode

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If steam extraction pressure is increased for thermal vapor compression, then water production efficiency is improved, but electricity production capability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewater production efficiencyVSAvoidelectricity production
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically selects the steam extraction pressure level based on the operational mode of the desalination plant. When thermal vapor compression is required for efficient water production, the system switches to intermediate-pressure extraction. When maximum electricity generation is prioritized, it uses low-pressure extraction, allowing flexible adaptation to different productivity requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for decoupled electricity and water production, minimizing supplementary firing and fuel consumption, while maintaining water production levels and reducing hazardous-substance emissions, even during low electricity demand periods.

Implementation Method 1

combustion air is inducted in at least one gas turbine, is compressed and is fed to at least one combustion chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

the exhaust gas which emerges from the at least one turbine is fed through a heat recovery steam generator in order to generate steam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 3

heat is provided by extraction of steam from the at least one steam turbine

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExpansion: Turbine

Data Source

PatentEP2630341B1Method for operating a combined-cycle power plant with cogeneration and a combined-cycle power plant for carrying out the method
Publication Date: 2016.08.24 GENERAL ELECTRIC TECH GMBH
  • EP2630341B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2630341B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2630341B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for operating a combined-cycle power plant (10) with cogeneration, in which method combustion air is inducted in at least one gas turbine (11), is compressed and is fed to at least one combustion chamber (19) for combustion of a fuel, and the resultant exhaust gas is expanded in at least one turbine (20) producing work, and in which method the exhaust gas which emerges from the at least one turbine (20) is fed through a heat recovery steam generator (13) in order to generate steam, which heat recovery steam generator (13) is part of a water-steam circuit (12) with at least one steam turbine (14), a condenser (32), a feedwater tank (28) and a feedwater pump (P2), wherein heat is produced by extraction of steam from the at least one steam turbine (14). In a method such as this, simple decoupling of heat and electricity production, which is advantageous for operation, is achieved in that the steam can be selectively extracted from the at least one steam turbine (14) as low-pressure steam or intermediate-pressure steam, and in that the steam extraction is switched from low-pressure steam to intermediate-pressure steam in order to restrict the electricity production.