Steam Turbine Extraction Port Heated Re-injection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional steam turbine plants using solar heat suffer from inefficiencies due to high pressure turbine inlet steam being close to the humid region, leading to moisture loss and erosion, as well as difficulties in measuring specific enthalpy and thermal efficiency due to humid steam conditions.
Innovation Solution
The steam turbine plant incorporates an extraction port and heated extraction steam merging port within the high pressure turbine to maintain steam as dry steam throughout its stages, preventing humid steam formation and allowing for precise measurement of enthalpy and improved thermal efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If solar heat is used to heat the high pressure turbine inlet steam, then the plant can operate with renewable energy, but the steam temperature is limited and the steam enters the turbine close to the humid region causing moisture loss and erosion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by extracting steam from an intermediate stage of the turbine, heating it externally in a heater using solar energy, and then re-injecting it into the turbine at a downstream stage. This pre-heating of extracted steam prevents the formation of humid steam in subsequent turbine stages, thereby preventing moisture loss and blade erosion while maintaining solar energy utilization.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the temperature parameter of the steam by externally heating the extracted steam in a heater. By increasing the temperature of the extracted steam before re-injection, the steam remains in the dry region during expansion in the turbine, avoiding the humid region that causes moisture loss and erosion.
2Temperature
If the high pressure turbine inlet steam temperature is kept low to match solar heat capabilities, then solar energy can be utilized, but the steam becomes humid during expansion reducing turbine efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary heating of extracted steam in an external heater before re-injection into the turbine. This preliminary action ensures that when the steam continues to expand in downstream turbine stages, it remains dry and does not enter the humid region, thereby maintaining turbine internal efficiency despite using lower temperature solar heat at the inlet.
3Reliability
If extraction steam is heated and re-injected into the turbine, then dry steam conditions are maintained improving turbine efficiency, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a heater that serves multiple functions: it heats the extracted steam to maintain dry steam conditions in the turbine, and can also be integrated with the solar energy collection system. This multi-functionality justifies the added device complexity by providing both moisture prevention and efficient solar energy utilization.
Solution Approach 2:
The extracted steam is not discarded but continuously heated and re-injected into the turbine to maintain dry steam conditions. This continuous useful action of re-utilizing the extracted steam improves turbine efficiency throughout operation, offsetting the initial complexity of adding the heating and re-injection system.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances turbine internal efficiency by preventing moisture loss and erosion, enabling accurate heat input measurement and improved thermal efficiency by maintaining dry steam conditions within the high pressure turbine.
Implementation Method 1
The heating medium 118 is heated by radiant heat of a solar ray 117 at the solar energy collector 119
Implementation Method 2
the heating medium 118 is transferred to a heater 110 as a heat exchanger, and a heating object such as water or steam is heated therein
Implementation Method 3
The high pressure turbine exhaust 114 flows into the reheater 109 as a part of the heater 110, is heated by the heat of the heating medium 118
Implementation Method 4
The high pressure turbine inlet steam 112 flows into the high pressure turbine 101 and expands inside the high pressure turbine 101 so that the pressure and the temperature thereof decrease. The high pressure turbine 101 is driven by the high pressure turbine inlet steam 112
Implementation Method 5
Intermediate pressure turbine inlet steam 106 expands inside the intermediate pressure turbine 102 so that the pressure and the temperature thereof both decrease and flows into the low pressure turbine 103. The steam flowing into the low pressure turbine 103 expands inside the low pressure turbine 103 so that the pressure and the temperature both decrease
Implementation Method 6
The steam flowing from the low pressure turbine 103, that is, low pressure turbine exhaust 115 flows into a condenser 104. In the condenser 104, the low pressure turbine exhaust 115 is cooled by cooling water, and is returned to the water 111
Data Source
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AI summary
A steam turbine plant includes a boiler (110) configured to change water into steam, a high pressure turbine (101) including a turbine or turbines connected to each other in series, and having a first inlet (X) to supply the steam from the boiler, an extraction port (301) located at a downstream of the first inlet, a second inlet (303) to supply the steam extracted from the extraction port and located at a downstream of the extraction port, and an exhaust port (Y) located at a downstream of the second inlet, the high pressure turbine being configured to be driven by the steam supplied from the first and second inlets, an extraction steam heater (302) configured to heat the steam extracted from the extraction port and to supply the heated steam to the second inlet, a reheater (109) configured to heat the steam exhausted from the exhaust port, and a reheat turbine (102) configured to be driven by the steam from the reheater.