Ultra-high strength steel sheet with optimized alloying for phosphatability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ultra-high strength steel sheets face challenges in achieving both high bendability and phosphatability due to issues with phase fractions, weldability, and surface oxide formation during annealing, which affect their application in vehicle manufacturing.

Innovation Solution

Optimizing the composition of alloying components such as carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, chromium, boron, titanium, and nitrogen, along with specific manufacturing conditions like hot rolling, cold-rolling, annealing, and rapid cooling, to control phase fractions and surface oxide removal, ensuring excellent phosphatability and bendability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If high amounts of carbon are added to secure the fraction of retained austenite, then elongation is improved, but weldability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveelongationVSAvoidweldability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by limiting carbon to 0.15% or less and adding specific alloying elements (Ti: 0.02-0.06%, Nb: 0.02-0.06%, V: 0.03-0.10%, B: 0.0005-0.0050%) to achieve the desired microstructure without excessive carbon, thereby improving weldability while maintaining elongation through controlled phase transformation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite microstructure consisting of multiple phases (ferrite, martensite, bainite, and retained austenite) with specific volume fractions, where each phase contributes different properties: ferrite provides ductility, martensite provides strength, and controlled retained austenite (5-20%) provides elongation through TRIP effect, while the composite structure achieves both high elongation and good weldability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If alloying elements such as silicon or chromium are added in large amounts to guarantee elongation and bendability, then elongation and bendability are improved, but phosphatability deteriorates due to oxide formation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelongation and bendabilityVSAvoidphosphatability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the parameters of alloying elements by limiting Si to 0.01-1.50% and Cr to 0.01-2.00%, and introduces Ti, Nb, V, and B as alternative strengthening elements that do not form problematic oxides, thereby maintaining mechanical properties while improving phosphatability by reducing surface oxide formation during annealing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses Ti, Nb, V, and B as intermediary elements that provide strengthening and microstructure control without the oxide formation problem of Si and Cr, acting as substitutes that mediate between the need for mechanical properties and the need for good phosphatability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Strength

If transformation phases are utilized to achieve ultra-high strength, then strength is improved, but bendability becomes difficult to secure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveultra-high strengthVSAvoidbendability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite microstructure with multiple phases where soft ferrite (30-70% volume fraction) provides bendability and ductility, while hard martensite and bainite provide ultra-high strength, and controlled retained austenite (5-20% volume fraction) provides both strength through TRIP effect and ductility, achieving the balance between strength and bendability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by having different phases distributed throughout the microstructure, with each phase providing specific local properties: ferrite regions provide ductility and bendability, while martensite and bainite regions provide strength, and the overall composite achieves both ultra-high strength and good bendability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides an ultra-high strength steel sheet with enhanced phosphatability, suitable for press forming and roll forming, while maintaining ultra-high strength and ductility, overcoming previous limitations in phase control and surface treatment.

Implementation Method 1

TRIP steel is a type of steel having strength and ductility by processing finely and uniformly distributed retained austenite at room temperature to induce martensitic transformation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMartensitic transformation: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTransformation induced plasticity: Phase Change

Implementation Method 3

annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet at 770° C. to 850° C.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAnnealing: Annealing

Implementation Method 4

rapidly cooling and maintaining the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet at a temperature within a range of Ms (martensitic transformation starting temperature) to Bs (bainitic transformation starting temperature)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRapid cooling: Cooling

Data Source

PatentUS10975454B2Ultra-high strength steel sheet having excellent phosphatability and bendability
Publication Date: 2021.04.13 POHANG IRON & STEEL CO LTD

AI summary

Provided is an ultra-high strength steel sheet having excellent phosphatability and bendability. The ultra-high strength steel sheet includes, by weight percentage (wt %), carbon (C): 0.08% to 0.2%, silicon (Si): 0.05% to 1.3%, manganese (Mn): 2.0% to 3.0%, phosphorus (P): 0.001% to 0.10%, sulfur (S): 0.010% or less, aluminum (Al): 0.01% to 0.1%, chromium (Cr): 0.3% to 1.2%, boron (B): 0.0010% to 0.0030%, titanium (Ti): 0.01% to 0.05%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.01%, a remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, satisfying: 3.4≤Ti/N≤10, 1.0≤Mn/(Si+Cr), and 0.7≤Mn*/(Si*+Cr*)≤Mn/(Si+Cr), where Ti, N, Mn, Si and Cr refer to a weight percentage (wt %), and Mn*, Si* and Cr* refer to an average of values obtained by GDS component analysis from a surface to a 0.1 μm position in a thickness direction.