Intravascular Stent Valve Controls Back Pressure
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) often result in reperfusion injury, where increased blood flow to ischemic tissue triggers inflammatory responses and oxidative damage, limiting the effectiveness of restoring tissue health despite improved blood flow.
Innovation Solution
A stent with a valve is deployed intravascularly to obstruct blood flow in one direction, generating back pressure in the opposite direction, which is controlled by a processing system using physiological data from sensors to adaptively deliver reperfusion therapy and minimize injury to ischemic tissue.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If PCI therapy is delivered to restore blood flow to ischemic tissue, then blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissue is improved, but reperfusion injury occurs due to inflammatory response and oxidative damage
Solution Approach 1:
The stent is deployed in advance to establish back pressure in the coronary vein before full reperfusion occurs. This preliminary action prepares the tissue to gradually handle increased blood flow, preventing the sudden influx that causes reperfusion injury while still restoring adequate perfusion.
Solution Approach 2:
The system modifies the pressure parameters in the coronary vein by using the stent to create back pressure. This changes the flow dynamics from a sudden high-flow state to a controlled, gradual increase in blood flow, thereby reducing oxidative damage and inflammatory response while maintaining improved perfusion.
2Stress or pressure
If the stent obstructs blood flow in the coronary vein to generate back pressure, then reperfusion therapy is delivered to improve tissue perfusion, but the obstruction may worsen ischemia in the targeted area
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously monitors physiological parameters such as pressure and flow in the coronary circulation using sensors. This feedback information is used to adjust the stent's expansion state and valve configuration in real-time, ensuring that back pressure is maintained at levels that improve tissue perfusion without causing harmful obstruction.
Solution Approach 2:
The stent's degree of obstruction is made dynamic rather than fixed. The expandable structure and controllable valve allow the system to adjust the level of back pressure according to real-time physiological conditions, optimizing the balance between improving tissue perfusion and maintaining adequate forward blood flow.
3Productivity
If the processing system controls stent expansion and valve configuration based on physiological data, then delivery of reperfusion therapy is optimized, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system incorporates sensors that automatically monitor physiological parameters and provide feedback to the control system. This self-monitoring capability reduces the need for external intervention and manual adjustment, allowing the system to autonomously optimize therapy delivery while managing complexity through integrated sensing and control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively enhances blood flow distribution and reduces reperfusion injury by controlling the stent's expansion and valve configuration, improving tissue health and reducing inflammatory responses.
Implementation Method 1
a valve coupled to a body of the stent and arranged to obstruct a flow of blood in a first direction in a blood vessel of the patient to generate a back pressure in an opposite, second direction in the blood vessel
Data Source
AI summary
A system includes a stent positionable within a coronary vein. The stent includes a valve and a stent body coupled to the valve and arranged to transition between a collapsed state and an expanded state. The system includes an intravascular reperfusion therapy device with a sensor and a catheter with a lumen shaped to receive the stent. The intravascular reperfusion therapy device delivers reperfusion therapy to a myocardium of a heart. The system includes a processor circuit that receives physiological data from the sensor, determines a progression of the reperfusion therapy, controls a configuration of the valve and/or the expansion state of the stent such that back pressure is controlled. With the stent in the expanded state, the stent body contacts a wall of the coronary vein and the valve obstructs blood flow in a first direction to generate the back pressure in an opposite, second direction.