Strain-Tunable Antenna Using Actuating Substrate for Frequency Tuning

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Solution Overview

Problem

Modern electronic devices face challenges in accommodating multiple wireless technologies due to the need for different operational parameters in their antennas, such as input impedance, gain, directivity, signal polarization, resonant frequency, bandwidth, and radiation pattern, which are often addressed by using separate antennas or tunable antennas that require frequent frequency adjustments to avoid interference.

Innovation Solution

A strain-tunable antenna system utilizing an actuating substrate with an interpenetrating matrix of electrically conducting nanostructures, such as silver nanowires or graphene, that undergoes reversible strain to change the antenna's dimensions and operational characteristics, allowing for mechanical actuation to adjust the resonant frequency and input impedance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If separate antennas are used for different wireless technologies, then each antenna can be optimized for its specific operational parameters, but the device complexity and space requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational parameter optimizationVSAvoidantenna system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple antenna functions into a single reconfigurable antenna structure that can operate across multiple frequency bands and modes. The antenna uses a shared radiating element with configurable feed points and impedance transformation networks, allowing it to replace multiple separate antennas while maintaining optimized performance for different wireless standards.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The reconfigurable antenna is designed to perform multiple functions simultaneously - it can operate as different antenna types (dipole, monopole, patch) and support multiple frequency bands by changing its electrical configuration. This multi-functionality is achieved through switchable feed points,可调 impedance transformers, and reconfigurable ground plane connections.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Area of stationary object

If tunable antennas are used to modify antenna properties, then space requirements are reduced, but the antenna requires frequent frequency adjustments which may increase operational complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveantenna space requirementVSAvoidfrequency adjustment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The antenna incorporates dynamic reconfiguration capabilities through electronic switching mechanisms that can change its electrical length, impedance, and resonant frequency. Switches and variable impedance transformers allow the antenna to adapt its properties in real-time based on the required wireless standard, maintaining small physical dimensions while providing tuning functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The antenna achieves tuning by changing electrical parameters such as effective length, width, and impedance through electronic components. Variable impedance transformation networks and switchable feed points allow continuous adjustment of resonant frequency and input impedance without mechanical movement, simplifying the tuning process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If the antenna dimensions are changed to adjust resonant frequency, then frequency tuning is achieved, but the physical structure must be mechanically adjustable which increases device complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency tuning capabilityVSAvoidmechanical adjustment mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical dimension-changing mechanisms with electronic impedance transformation systems. Instead of physically moving or deforming antenna elements, the invention uses electronic switches and variable impedance networks to change the electrical characteristics of fixed physical structures, achieving frequency tuning without mechanical complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The antenna achieves frequency tuning by changing electrical parameters (impedance, effective electrical length) rather than physical dimensions. Variable impedance transformers and switchable feed points allow the same physical structure to resonate at different frequencies by modifying its electrical properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Adaptability or versatility

If multiple antennas are incorporated to support various wireless technologies, then communication versatility is improved, but the available space within the device casing is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewireless technology compatibilityVSAvoiddevice internal space
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The reconfigurable antenna is designed to support multiple wireless technologies (WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, NFC) using a single physical structure. By changing its electrical configuration through electronic switches and impedance networks, the antenna can be optimized for different frequency bands and radiation patterns required by various communication standards.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention merges the functions of multiple separate antennas into one integrated reconfigurable antenna system. The shared radiating element with multiple feed points and switchable configurations replaces what would traditionally require multiple discrete antenna structures, freeing up significant space within the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient frequency tuning and impedance adjustment of the antenna, potentially replacing multiple fixed antennas with a single device, facilitating miniaturization of electronic devices and enabling effective communication across various wireless technologies while maintaining design flexibility and aesthetic transparency.

Implementation Method 1

the actuating substrate configured to undergo reversible strain during mechanical actuation, wherein the strain in the actuating substrate varies the dimensions of the in-contact antenna

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 2

Each antenna comprises an interpenetrating matrix of electrically conducting nanostructures

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2652838B1A strain-tunable antenna comprising an actuator
Publication Date: 2021.02.24 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP2652838B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP2652838B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP2652838B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b

AI summary

An apparatus comprising an actuating substrate (102) and an antenna (101 ) in contact with the actuating substrate, the actuating substrate configured to undergo strain during actuation, wherein the strain in the actuating substrate varies the dimensions of the in-contact antenna and causes a change in the operational characteristics of the antenna.