Rapid in-situ stratified collection device and method for sediment pollution in rivers and lakes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing sediment sampling methods for rivers and lakes, such as grab samplers and columnar samplers, face issues with disturbance, low sampling rates, inability to perform stratified sampling, and inefficient, error-prone analysis processes, particularly for fluid and flow muds, leading to inaccurate pollution risk assessment.
Innovation Solution
A rapid in-situ stratified collection device comprising a main control system, collection system, fixing frame, bathymetric module, working hull, and crane, which includes a sediment pore solution collection module, mud-water interface positioning module, high-frequency vibration hammering module, and filtration membrane tubes, enabling precise, low-disturbance collection of sediment pore solutions for direct analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If grab sampler is used for sediment collection, then sampling can be performed, but the sampling rate is low and disturbance is great
Solution Approach 1:
The device divides the sediment collection process into multiple segments: the sediment collection bag is segmented into different depth zones, and the sediment is collected layer by layer through controlled deployment and retrieval, enabling stratified sampling without disturbing the entire sediment column at once
Solution Approach 2:
The sediment collection bag is pre-positioned and deployed to the target depth before actual sampling begins. The bag is preliminarily set up with proper orientation and depth positioning, allowing immediate collection when sediment contacts it, thus increasing sampling rate while minimizing disturbance
2Measurement precision
If columnar sampler is used for sediment collection, then stratified sampling can be performed, but the sampled mud is easy to deform and deviates from actual situation
Solution Approach 1:
A flexible collection bag serves as an intermediary between the sediment and the sampling system. The bag gently receives sediment through filtration without applying mechanical pressure or confinement that would cause deformation, preserving the natural stratification and composition of the mud samples
Solution Approach 2:
The sediment collection bag is made of flexible, thin-walled material that conforms to the sediment shape without imposing rigid structural constraints. This flexibility allows the bag to accommodate natural sediment variations while maintaining sample integrity, preventing the deformation issues associated with rigid columnar samplers
3Measurement precision
If traditional extraction method is used for pollutant analysis, then pollutant content can be determined, but the procedure is complicated and efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The device extracts and collects sediment pore water directly in-situ through the flexible collection bag during the sampling process itself. This extracted pore water contains the pollutant information and can be analyzed separately, eliminating the need for complex post-sampling extraction procedures and significantly improving testing efficiency
4Loss of time
If sediment pore solution is collected for direct analysis, then sampling time is reduced, but specialized collection equipment is required
Solution Approach 1:
The flexible collection bag serves multiple functions: it acts as the sediment collection container, the filtration medium for pore water extraction, the sample preservation chamber, and the deployment mechanism. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate specialized components, making the equipment relatively simple despite enabling rapid in-situ pore solution collection
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, efficient, and accurate stratified collection of sediment pore solutions, reducing sampling time from 10-15 days to 1-2 days, improving efficiency by over 90%, and allowing direct pollutant risk prediction and evaluation without tedious sample preparation steps.
Implementation Method 1
The high-frequency vibration hammering module is used to send out downward vibration hammering to insert the sediment pore solution collection module into the sediment
Implementation Method 2
The filtration membrane tube is used to collect the sediment pore solution in a stratified manner
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a rapid in-situ stratified collection device and method for sediment pollution in rivers and lakes. The device includes a main control system, a main collection system, a fixing frame, a bathymetric module, a working hull, and a crane. The bathymetric module is installed below the working hull, the main control system and the crane are both installed on the working hull, the main collection system is fixed in the fixing frame and connected to the crane. The bathymetric module is used to detect and determine a water depth, and thicknesses of sediment. The main control system is used to control a collection process of the main collection system, read the water depth and a thickness of the sediment in real time, and determine whether the main collection system is completely inserted into the sediment. The main collection system is used for stratified collection of sediment pore solution.