Structural Color Optical Unit for Dye-Free Substrates

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for imparting color to objects rely on dyes or pigments, which can be environmentally unfriendly and lack versatility in creating aesthetically pleasing, unique structural colors.

Innovation Solution

The use of an optical unit comprising a first base unit and one or more second units positioned on a substrate, which imparts structural colors through optical effects like scattering, refraction, reflection, and diffraction, allowing for the creation of diverse and iridescent colors without the need for pigments or dyes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If dyes or pigments are used to impart color to objects, then coloration can be achieved, but environmental harm and limited color versatility occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor versatilityVSAvoidenvironmental harm
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces chemical coloration systems (dyes and pigments) with a physical/optical system consisting of nanoscale structural features. These structures interact with light through scattering, absorption, and interference to produce structural colors, eliminating the need for harmful chemical substances while providing diverse color outcomes through geometric design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent achieves color variation by changing physical parameters of the nanostructures, specifically the size, shape, spacing, and arrangement of the structural features. By adjusting these geometric parameters, different wavelengths of light are interacted with to produce different perceived colors, providing versatility without chemical additives

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional dyeing methods are used, then color application is simple, but environmental friendliness and color uniqueness are compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor application simplicityVSAvoidenvironmental unfriendliness
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention substitutes conventional chemical dyeing processes with a physical nanostructuring approach. The color is imparted through the fabrication of nanoscale features that optically interact with light, replacing chemical absorption and reflection mechanisms with physical structural effects, thereby eliminating environmental harm while maintaining manufacturability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Adaptability or versatility

If a single-layer optical structure is used, then device complexity is low, but color diversity and aesthetic appeal are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor diversityVSAvoidoptical unit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The optical unit is segmented into multiple distinct layers, each with specific nanoscale structural features. The first layer contains a particular arrangement of light-interacting structures, while the second layer contains different structures. This segmentation allows each layer to contribute different optical effects, combining to produce enhanced color diversity and aesthetic properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a composite optical structure where multiple layers with different nanoscale architectures are combined. Each layer functions as a distinct optical component with specific light-interaction characteristics, and their combination creates synergistic optical effects that produce diverse structural colors and enhanced aesthetic appeal

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of aesthetically pleasing, unique structural colors that are environmentally friendly and can be applied to various articles, such as footwear and apparel, providing a durable and sustainable color solution.

Implementation Method 1

the first base unit and each of the second units independently include one or more layers that impart the first structural color and the second structural color, respectively, when exposed to visible light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectScattering: Scattering

Implementation Method 2

Color from dyes and pigments can be problematic in a number of ways. For example, dyes and pigments and their associated chemistries for fabrication and incorporation into finished goods may not be environmentally friendly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Implementation Method 3

the optical unit imparts a first structural color and a second structural to the article, where each structural color (e.g., single color, multicolor, iridescent) is visible color produced, at least in part, through optical effects

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 4

the first base unit and each of the second units independently include one or more layers that impart the first structural color and the second structural color, respectively

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Implementation Method 5

each structural color (e.g., single color, multicolor, iridescent) is visible color produced, at least in part, through optical effects (e.g., through scattering, refraction, reflection, interference, and/or diffraction of visible wavelengths of light)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Data Source

PatentEP4093610B1Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
Publication Date: 2023.10.25 NIKE INNOVATE CV
  • EP4093610B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1M
  • EP4093610B1 patent drawingFigure 1N(a)~1N(b)
  • EP4093610B1 patent drawingFigure 1O(a)~1O(b)

AI summary

The present disclosure provides for articles having structural color and methods of making articles having structural color. In an aspect, the present disclosure provides for articles that exhibit structural colors through the use of an optical unit. The optical unit, which is composed of at least two units, is disposed on a substrate (e.g., the surface of the article) and when exposed to visible light, the optical unit imparts a first structural color and a second structural to the article, where each structural color is visible color produced, at least in part, through optical effects.