Anisotropic Stud Pin Flange for Icy-Road Retention and Grip
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Solution Overview
Problem
Studded tires face issues with stud pin drop resistance and controllability on icy road surfaces due to insufficient holding forces, leading to decreased braking and driving properties.
Innovation Solution
A stud pin design featuring an anisotropic flange profile with specific protrusion and recess shapes, combined with a tip profile that enhances biting force and resistance, is integrated into the tire tread, ensuring improved pin retention and performance on icy surfaces.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Force
If the edge components of the tip end surface are increased to improve biting force, then the biting force into the icy road surface is improved, but the stud pin receives large shear forces and may easily fall out from the pin inserting hole
Solution Approach 1:
The lower flange is segmented into multiple protrusion portions (first protrusion portions extending in the first direction, second protrusion portions extending in the second direction, and third protrusion portions extending in the third direction) that distribute the shear forces from the road surface across multiple contact points with the pin inserting hole, preventing the stud pin from falling out even when large biting forces are applied
Solution Approach 2:
The lower flange extends in multiple directions (first direction, second direction, and third direction) to create a three-dimensional force distribution structure, transforming the single-direction shear force problem into a multi-directional force balance system that enhances pin retention while maintaining biting force
2Ease of manufacture
If a conventional circular or symmetric flange shape is used, then the manufacturing is simple, but the pin drop resistance is insufficient when large shear forces are applied
Solution Approach 1:
The lower flange employs an asymmetric profile with protrusion portions extending in different directions (first direction, second direction, and third direction) rather than a symmetric circular shape, creating uneven force distribution patterns that enhance resistance to shear forces while maintaining manufacturability through standard forming processes
3Reliability
If the stud pin is designed with high pin drop resistance features, then the reliability is improved, but the braking and driving properties and controllability on icy road surfaces may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The stud pin design applies local quality differentiation by providing protrusion portions at specific locations on the lower flange (first protrusion portions in the first direction, second protrusion portions in the second direction, third protrusion portions in the third direction) that strategically enhance pin retention at critical stress points while maintaining overall biting performance through the tip's edge components
Data Source
AI summary
A stud pin includes a tip including an end surface configured to come into contact with a road surface, a body portion configured to support the tip, and a lower flange. The flange profile shape of the lower flange is an anisotropic shape. The flange profile shape includes four or more first flange protrusion portions that project in the longitudinal direction and two second flange protrusion portions that project in the lateral direction. A tip profile shape of the tip is a shape including tip linear portions extending in a linear manner. At least one of the tip linear portions extends along a portion of the flange profile shape between two adjacent protrusion portions of the first flange protrusion portion and the second flange protrusion portion along the outer circumference of the flange profile shape.