Studded Tire Geometry for Ice Grip With Lower Road Abrasion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Studded tires provide excellent grip on icy surfaces but degrade road surfaces and cause premature wear on non-icy or snow-covered roads, leading to bans or restrictions in their use.
Innovation Solution
A studded tire design with an average surface density of at least 6.7 studs per square decimeter and a maximum section of each stud of up to 35 mm², combined with a specific tread and nail geometry, including a projecting height of up to 1.6 mm and a static striking force between 120-170 Newtons, to enhance grip on ice while minimizing abrasive impact on dry roads.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the number of studs is increased to improve grip on ice, then grip efficiency on icy roads is improved, but the abrasive effect on non-icy roads increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the surface density of studs to at least 6.7 studs per dm² and limiting the maximum section of each stud to 35 mm². This changes the physical parameters of the stud configuration to achieve a balance where sufficient studs provide ice grip while individual stud size limits road damage potential.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces another dimension by controlling the projecting height of studs (maximum 1.6 mm) in addition to surface density and maximum section. This multi-dimensional approach to stud geometry allows optimization of ice penetration capability while minimizing road surface contact area and abrasive impact.
2Force
If the maximum section of each stud is increased to improve ice penetration, then grip on ice is improved, but the abrasive nature of each stud increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by setting the maximum section of each stud to 35 mm² and the projecting height to a maximum of 1.6 mm. These specific parameter values optimize the balance between penetration force on ice and abrasive impact on road surfaces, allowing effective ice grip with reduced road damage.
3Reliability
If the projecting height of studs is increased to improve ice grip, then penetration into ice is improved, but the abrasive effect on dry roads increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by limiting the projecting height of studs to a maximum of 1.6 mm. This specific height parameter allows sufficient penetration into ice surfaces for effective grip while minimizing the contact area and depth of interaction with road surfaces during normal driving, thereby reducing abrasive effects and road degradation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design improves grip on icy roads while significantly reducing the abrasive effect on non-icy or snow-covered roads, achieving a balance between traction and road wear.
Implementation Method 1
Contact with the ice, and more particularly the penetration of said nail into the ice, makes it possible to compensate for the reduction in grip
Implementation Method 2
the nails scrape the ice and generate additional forces on the ice
Implementation Method 3
these tires, when used on a non-icy or snow-covered road, degrade the surface condition of the road and lead to premature wear of the road pavement
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3
AI summary
The invention relates to a pneumatic tyre comprising a tyre tread (12) with a tread surface (32), and a plurality of studs (20) secured in the tyre tread (12) and projecting relative to said tread surface (32), the average area density of studs (20) on the tread surface (32) being at least equal to 6.7 studs per dm2, and the maximum cross-section Smax of each stud (20) being at most equal to 35 mm2.