Sub-400 nm Latex Affinity Particles for IgG Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing latex agglutination methods for detecting immunoglobulin G in human specimens face challenges in achieving both high sensitivity and a wide measurement range, particularly in distinguishing between different antibody abundances to accurately diagnose infections like HCV.
Innovation Solution
The use of affinity particles with a volume-average diameter of 400 nm or less, carrying a protein with a molecular weight of 10,000 or more, and a surface antigen amount between 1.0 µg to 20.0 µg per 1 mg of the particle, optimized to enhance detection sensitivity and measurement range.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If the particle diameter is increased to improve detection sensitivity, then the detection sensitivity is improved, but the measurement range is narrowed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the particle diameter parameter to 400 nm or less and controls the protein amount to 1.0-20.0 µg per 1 mg of particle, achieving a balance between detection sensitivity and measurement range by carefully adjusting these physical and chemical parameters
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite affinity particles combining latex particles with specific proteins (molecular weight ≥10,000) carried on their surface, creating a multi-component system that simultaneously achieves high sensitivity and wide measurement range through the synergistic effect of the particle matrix and protein coating
2Measurement precision
If the protein amount on particle surface is increased to enhance detection sensitivity, then the detection sensitivity is improved, but the measurement range is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent precisely controls the protein amount parameter within 1.0-20.0 µg per 1 mg of particle, optimizing the balance between having sufficient antigen for high sensitivity detection while maintaining enough space for agglutination reactions that enable wide measurement range
3Measurement precision
If the antigen molecular weight is increased to improve detection accuracy, then the detection accuracy is improved, but the measurement range is narrowed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent specifies an antigen molecular weight of 10,000 or more, which provides sufficient epitopes for accurate detection while controlling the overall protein amount to maintain measurement range capability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves detection sensitivity and expands the measurement range, allowing for more accurate differentiation between antibody levels, thereby enhancing the efficiency of infection diagnosis.
Implementation Method 1
the target substance (immunoglobulin) in the specimen and a latex particle having carried thereon an antigen having an affinity for the target substance are caused to react with each other
Implementation Method 2
a diagnosis is made by optically detecting an agglutination reaction between the particles through the antigen-antibody reaction
Implementation Method 3
a diagnosis is made by optically detecting an agglutination reaction between the particles through the amount of a change in, for example, scattered light intensity
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided is an affinity particle for detecting immunoglobulin G in a human specimen by a latex agglutination method, wherein the affinity particle has a volume-average particle diameter of 400 nm or less, wherein the affinity particle includes a latex particle and a protein carried on a surface of the latex particle, wherein the protein contains an antigen having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more, and wherein an amount of the protein carried on the surface of the latex particle is 1.0 µg or more and 20.0 µg or less per 1 mg of the affinity particle.