Sub-400 nm Affinity Particles for Wide-Range IgG Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing latex agglutination methods for detecting immunoglobulin G in human specimens face challenges in achieving both high detection sensitivity and a wide measurement range, particularly in distinguishing between different antibody abundances, due to limitations in particle size and antigen distribution on latex particles.
Innovation Solution
The use of affinity particles with a volume-average diameter of 400 nm or less, carrying an antigen with a molecular weight of 10,000 or more, and a protein amount between 1.0 μg and 20.0 μg per 1 mg of the particle, optimized to enhance particle specific surface area and antigen spacing, reducing nonspecific adsorption and improving detection sensitivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If the particle size is increased to improve detection sensitivity, then the signal intensity increases, but the measurement range narrows and nonspecific adsorption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the particle size parameter within 400 nm or less, and the protein amount within 1.0-20.0 μg per 1 mg of affinity particle. This optimization resolves the contradiction by finding the optimal particle size range that provides sufficient signal intensity while maintaining a wide measurement range and reducing nonspecific adsorption.
2Measurement precision
If the antigen amount on the particle surface is increased to improve detection sensitivity, then the antibody binding capacity increases, but nonspecific adsorption increases and measurement range decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the protein amount parameter to 1.0-20.0 μg per 1 mg of affinity particle. This controlled parameter range ensures sufficient antigen binding capacity for high detection sensitivity while preventing excessive antigen density that would cause nonsspecific adsorption and limit the measurement range.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the particle size is decreased to widen measurement range, then nonsspecific adsorption is reduced, but detection sensitivity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by establishing the optimal particle size parameter at 400 nm or less. This specific size threshold resolves the contradiction by providing particles small enough to reduce nonsspecific adsorption and widen measurement range, yet large enough to maintain sufficient signal intensity for high detection sensitivity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for enhanced detection sensitivity and a wider measurement range, enabling accurate differentiation between specimens with varying immunoglobulin G concentrations by minimizing nonspecific agglutination and maintaining a stable antigen-reaction interface.
Implementation Method 1
the target substance (immunoglobulin) in the specimen and a latex particle having carried thereon an antigen having an affinity for the target substance are caused to react with each other
Implementation Method 2
a diagnosis is made by optically detecting an agglutination reaction between the particles through the antigen-antibody reaction
Implementation Method 3
a diagnosis is made by optically detecting an agglutination reaction between the particles through the antigen-antibody reaction as the amount of a change in, for example, scattered light intensity
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is an affinity particle for detecting immunoglobulin G in a human specimen by a latex agglutination method, wherein the affinity particle has a volume-average particle diameter of 400 nm or less, wherein the affinity particle includes a latex particle and a protein carried on a surface of the latex particle, wherein the protein contains an antigen having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more, and wherein an amount of the protein carried on the surface of the latex particle is 1.0 g or more and 20.0 g or less per 1 mg of the affinity particle.