Substation Automation IED Testing via Virtual Simulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current Substation Automation (SA) system level testing is limited by the need for a large number of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and complex signal patterns, which is costly and space-intensive, restricting the extent and complexity of test configurations for verifying the correct operation of Protection, Control, and Measurement (PCM) IEDs.

Innovation Solution

A method and test environment where a limited number of physical IEDs are used, with a testing device simulating additional IEDs by sending network messages based on standardized Substation Configuration Language (SCL) descriptions, allowing for extensive testing of PCM functions and configurations, and utilizing multiple testing devices for realistic network traffic generation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a large number of physical IEDs are used for system level testing, then comprehensive testing of SA system functionality is achieved, but testing cost and space requirements increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting comprehensivenessVSAvoidnumber of physical IEDs
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates virtual copies of IEDs through simulation software that replicates the behavior, communication protocols, and functional characteristics of physical IEDs. These virtual IEDs can be instantiated in unlimited numbers without additional physical hardware, allowing comprehensive system level testing while eliminating the need for large quantities of physical devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/physical IED hardware with software-based virtual IEDs that run on standard computing platforms. This substitution eliminates the need for physical device installations, reduces space requirements, and allows rapid deployment and configuration of test environments through software instantiation rather than physical assembly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple physical IEDs are installed for testing complex signal patterns, then realistic test scenarios are achieved, but installation complexity and setup time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetest scenario realismVSAvoidinstallation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Virtual IEDs are instantiated through software configuration that copies the operational characteristics, communication behaviors, and functional responses of physical IEDs. This allows realistic test scenarios to be created by configuring virtual devices rather than installing complex physical systems, significantly reducing setup time and installation complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The virtual IED simulation platform provides a universal testing environment that can emulate multiple types of IEDs and support various test scenarios through software configuration rather than requiring different physical hardware for each scenario. This multi-functionality allows a single test bench to handle diverse testing requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If physical IEDs are used for high load condition testing, then actual system performance is verified, but resource consumption and operational costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance verification accuracyVSAvoidtesting resource consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces energy-consuming physical IEDs with software-based virtual IEDs that run on standard computing infrastructure. This substitution dramatically reduces power consumption, cooling requirements, and physical resource needs while maintaining the ability to verify system performance under high load conditions through software-simulated stress testing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

Virtual IEDs replicate the computational and functional behavior of physical IEDs under various load conditions, allowing performance verification without the resource overhead of running actual physical devices at full capacity. The simulation can model high load scenarios indefinitely without additional energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP1850142B2System level testing for substation automation systems
Publication Date: 2019.03.06 ABB RES LTD
  • EP1850142B2 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1850142B2 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention is concerned with the testing of system level functionality involving several Protection. Control and Measurement (PCM) Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) of a Substation Automation (SA) system for IEC 61850 compliant substations. An extensive testing of all conceivable control or protection functions/applications of an extended SA system comprising a large number of IEDs with a multitude of configurations is facilitated by simulating at least one of the IEDs in a testing device. Hence, only a limited number of IEDs are physically present as individual devices in a test environment, the behaviour of at least one further IED being simulated by a dedicated testing device with appropriate data processing means. The testing device sends network messages indicative of the behaviour of the simulated IED according to its communication and device configuration over a substation communication network to the physically present IED to be tested. The proper working of the configured IED functions, i.e. the expected correct action as triggered by the testing device, are then verified by analyzing the device's response over its analogue and digital outputs, as well as its response over the communication network. Preferably, the set-up for SA system testing is automatically detected and configured.