Substation Phasor Data Concentrator for False Data Injection Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing false data detection systems in electrical substations are inadequate, leading to prolonged downtime during cyberattacks, as they fail to quickly identify and mitigate injected false data, disrupting the utility grid's operation.

Innovation Solution

A substation phasor data concentrator (ssPDC) is employed to receive and verify data from transformers and PMUs, using local state estimation to detect false data and replace it with accurate measurements, thereby preventing false data from reaching the centralized system and minimizing downtime.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If existing false data detection systems are used in electrical substations, then data transmission to centralized systems occurs, but false data cannot be quickly identified and mitigated, leading to prolonged substation downtime and grid disruption

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegrid operation stabilityVSAvoidsubstation downtime
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary action by deploying a local false data detection system at the substation level that proactively identifies and mitigates false data injections before they can disrupt grid operations. The system continuously monitors incoming data streams, compares measurements against expected values using state estimation algorithms, and isolates false data in real-time, preventing the need for prolonged substation shutdowns that would otherwise be required to detect and respond to cyberattacks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If technicians manually determine the extent of cyberattacks, then accurate assessment is achieved, but substation operational continuity is significantly reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecyberattack detection accuracyVSAvoidsubstation operational efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies self-service by implementing an automated false data detection and mitigation system that operates independently without requiring technician intervention. The local detection system automatically identifies false data injections, assesses their impact on grid operations, and mitigates them in real-time using state estimation algorithms and data comparison techniques, thereby maintaining both high detection accuracy and continuous substation productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback mechanisms by continuously monitoring data streams from multiple sources, comparing measurements against expected values, and automatically adjusting operations to mitigate false data. The local detection system provides real-time feedback on data quality and system state, enabling automated response without manual assessment while maintaining operational continuity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Loss of information

If false data is transmitted to centralized data processors, then data collection coverage is maintained, but the utility grid is driven into emergency operating states

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata collection completenessVSAvoidcyberattack impact
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the extraction principle by implementing a local false data detection system that identifies and removes false data injections from data streams before they are transmitted to centralized data processors. The system extracts and isolates corrupted measurements using state estimation algorithms and data comparison techniques, ensuring that only validated, accurate data reaches centralized systems while maintaining complete data collection coverage from all substation sensors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentEP3559776B1System and method for detecting false data injection in electrical substations
Publication Date: 2023.09.06 HITACHI ENERGY LTD
  • EP3559776B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3559776B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3559776B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Unique systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of a substation phasor data concentrator (ssPDC) is disclosed herein. One exemplary embodiment is a method for operating an electrical substation including a merging unit (MU), a phasor measurement unit (PMU), and a substation phasor data concentrator (ssPDC). The method includes receiving, with the MU and the PMU, input information corresponding to a set of electrical characteristics of the electrical substation; measuring, with the MU, the input information; measuring, with the PMU, the input information; a and estimating, with the ssPDC, electrical characteristics of the electrical substation using the received false measurement and the one of the MU measurement and the PMU measurement, determining in substantially real time the false measurement does not correspond to the set of electrical characteristics using the estimated electric characteristics, and replacing the false measurement with the received the one of the MU measurement and the PMU measurement.