Substrate Bonding via Amorphous Layer Crystallization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing bonding technologies in the semiconductor industry face challenges such as high temperature requirements for heat treatment, which can lead to thermal stresses, dopant diffusion, and increased costs, especially when bonding temperature-sensitive substrates like microchips with strong doping. Additionally, surface oxides on metals hinder bonding processes, particularly on oxygen-affine metals like silicon, which form stable silicon dioxide layers.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the production of amorphous layers on substrates, followed by irradiation to convert these layers into crystalline layers using targeted laser radiation, minimizing thermal load and mechanical stresses. This process creates strong, seamless bonds without the need for foreign atoms or ions, optimizing electrical properties and reducing process time.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If heat treatment is applied to create bond strength, then bonding strength is improved, but thermal stresses and dopant diffusion increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebonding strengthVSAvoidthermal stresses and dopant diffusion
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the bonding mechanism from thermal activation to mechanical activation through ultrasonic vibration. Instead of using high temperature to activate bond formation, the invention uses ultrasonic mechanical energy to directly activate the bonding interface, thereby achieving strong bonds without thermal stresses and dopant diffusion

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the thermal field (heat treatment) with a mechanical field (ultrasonic vibration). The ultrasonic bonding device uses mechanical vibration energy to activate bond formation at the interface between substrates, eliminating the need for thermal activation and its associated harmful effects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Strength

If high temperature heat treatment is used for bonding, then bond strength is improved, but process time and energy consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebond strengthVSAvoidheating and cooling time
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces thermal activation with mechanical ultrasonic activation. The ultrasonic bonding device delivers mechanical energy directly to the bonding interface, enabling rapid bond formation without the lengthy heating and cooling cycles required by traditional thermal bonding methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs periodic ultrasonic vibration to activate bond formation. The oscillating mechanical energy from ultrasonic vibration continuously activates the bonding interface, enabling rapid and efficient bond formation without the prolonged thermal exposure required by conventional methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Reliability

If surface oxides are present on metal substrates, then bonding is hindered, but complete oxide removal is difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebonding qualityVSAvoidoxide removal difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary mechanical activation through ultrasonic vibration to the bonding interface. This pre-treatment mechanically disrupts and removes surface oxides and contaminants before bonding, creating a clean interface that enables reliable bonding without requiring complex chemical etching or prolonged cleaning processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses ultrasonic mechanical vibration to physically remove surface oxides from metal substrates. The high-frequency mechanical energy causes cavitation and micro-jetting effects that effectively strip oxide layers and contaminants from the bonding surface, enabling direct metal-to-metal bonding

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method achieves efficient bonding at lower temperatures with reduced thermal and mechanical stresses, producing a nearly transition-free substrate stack with enhanced bond strength and electrical properties, while avoiding the use of foreign materials and minimizing dopant diffusion.

Implementation Method 1

the amorphous layer or the amorphous layers can be irradiated with radiation in such a way that the amorphous layer or the amorphous layers can be converted into a crystalline layer or crystalline layers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption (EM radiation): Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

the amorphous layer or the amorphous layers can be converted into a crystalline layer or crystalline layers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase Change: Phase Change

Implementation Method 3

The heat treatment leads to the formation of covalent bonds between the surfaces of the two substrates

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCovalent Bonding: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP3586356B1Method for bonding substrates
Publication Date: 2023.11.08 EV GRP E THALLNER GMBH
  • EP3586356B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2
  • EP3586356B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3586356B1 patent drawingFigure 5a~5c

AI summary

A method for bonding a first substrate (1, 6) to a second substrate (2) is proposed, comprising the following sequence: -creating a first amorphous layer (1a, 6a) on the first substrate (1, 6) and/or creating a second amorphous layer (2a) on the second substrate (2), - bonding the first substrate (1, 6) to the second substrate (2) at the amorphous layer (1a, 2a, 6a) or at the amorphous layers (1a, 2a, 6a) to form a substrate stack (3), - irradiating the amorphous layer (1a, 2a, 6a) or of the amorphous layers (1a, 2a, 6a) with a radiation (5) in such a way that the amorphous layer (1a, 2a, 6a) or the amorphous layers (1a, 2a, 6a) is/are converted into a crystalline layer or crystalline layers.