Sulfamic Acid Derivatives via Sulfur Trioxide Complexes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for producing sulfamic acid derivatives are time-consuming and inefficient, requiring long reaction times and the use of corrosive and toxic substances, making them unsuitable for cost-effective production, especially for electrochemical applications.
Innovation Solution
A process involving the reaction of a compound with a sulfur trioxide source and a tertiary amine, heated between 50°C and 300°C, followed by optional conversion steps using metallic bases, chlorinating agents, and fluorinating agents to produce sulfamic acid derivatives efficiently, reducing reaction time and eliminating the need for toxic substances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional methods (reaction of halosulfuric acids with isocyanates, sulfinylamines, or phosphazenes) are used to prepare sulfamic acid derivatives, then good conversion is achieved, but reaction time exceeds 20 hours and highly corrosive/toxic phosphorus compounds must be used
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the reaction parameters by using sulfur trioxide complexes with tertiary amines instead of conventional reagents, achieving complete conversion in 1-4 hours compared to over 20 hours required by conventional methods, while also eliminating toxic phosphorus compounds
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces sulfur trioxide complexes with tertiary amines as intermediary reagents that enable the sulfamation reaction to proceed rapidly under mild conditions, avoiding the need for toxic phosphorus compounds and extended reaction times
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional methods using phosphorus compounds are used, then sulfamic acid derivatives can be prepared, but highly corrosive and toxic substances must be used and separation of products from by-products is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the harmful phosphorus compounds from the reaction system by using sulfur trioxide complexes with tertiary amines as alternative reagents, thereby removing the source of toxicity and corrosiveness while maintaining product preparation capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potentially harmful reaction by using milder reagents that produce fewer harmful by-products, eliminating the need for complex separation procedures and making the process safer for scale-up production
3Reliability
If prolonged reaction times over 24 hours are used with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or SO2Cl2, then chlorosulfonyl substituted amides are obtained, but the process is not adapted for cost efficient production
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the reaction parameters by using sulfur trioxide complexes which enable complete reaction in 1-4 hours instead of over 24 hours, dramatically improving production efficiency while maintaining reliable reaction completion
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This process significantly reduces reaction time, eliminates the use of toxic substances, and enables the production of sulfamic acid derivatives suitable for electrochemical applications, such as electrolytes in batteries and capacitors, with improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Implementation Method 1
contacting a compound of the formula: with a sulfur trioxide source and a tertiary amine and heating at a temperature comprised between about 50° C. and about 300° C.
Implementation Method 2
heating at a temperature comprised between about 50° C. and about 300° C.
Data Source
AI summary
Here are described processes for the preparation of sulfamic acid derivatives, for instance, halogenated derivatives and their metallic or organic salts. The present document also describes the sulfamic acid derivatives thus produced and to their uses, for instance, in electrolyte compositions for electrochemical applications.