Sulfonamide Compounds for Nematode Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes are inadequate due to widespread resistance to anthelmintic agents, leading to reduced crop yields and increased costs, with a need for more effective, less toxic, environmentally safer compounds with different modes of action.
Innovation Solution
Development of sulfonamide compounds of Formula 1, their N-oxides, and salts, which are used in compositions to control parasitic nematodes by contacting the nematodes or their environments, optionally combined with surfactants, solid or liquid diluents, and additional biologically active compounds.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing anthelmintic agents are used to control nematodes, then nematode control is achieved, but resistance develops in nematode parasites
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the chemical structure of sulfonamide compounds through systematic variation of substituents (R1-R14 groups) at different positions in the molecule. This structural parameter changes approach allows exploration of new chemical spaces that nematodes have not evolved resistance to, while maintaining the core sulfonamide pharmacological framework for nematode control effectiveness.
2Reliability
If new chemical compounds are developed to overcome resistance, then nematode control effectiveness is improved, but toxicity and environmental safety become concerns
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific functional groups and substituents at particular positions in the sulfonamide molecule structure. Different R groups (such as aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, or cyclic substituents) are strategically placed to optimize biological activity while controlling toxicity. This localized structural modification allows fine-tuning of the compound's interaction with nematode targets versus non-target organisms.
3Reliability
If conventional sulfonamides are used, then nematode control is achieved, but crop yield reduction and increased costs occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by creating a versatile framework where the sulfonamide core structure can be dynamically adjusted through different substituent combinations. This allows optimization of compound properties for specific crop-nematode interactions, improving control effectiveness while minimizing impact on crop yield. The dynamic substituent variation enables tailored solutions for different agricultural scenarios.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof,whereinZ is O or S;A1, A2, A3 and A4 are independently N or CR1, provided that only one of A1, A2, A3 and A4 is N; andR1, R2, R3 and Q are as defined in the disclosure.Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling a parasitic nematode comprising contacting the parasitic nematode or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.