Sulfur Composite Cathode via Solid-Liquid-Solid Deposition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for preparing sulfur composite cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries are cumbersome, energy-intensive, and difficult to industrialize due to complex procedures and high energy consumption, limiting the improvement of energy density and service life.

Innovation Solution

A method involving mixing elemental sulfur with an organic solvent to create a sulfur-containing suspension, then combining it with a carbon host material, and removing the solvent to achieve a sulfur composite cathode material with a uniform sulfur coating, facilitating electron transport and stabilizing sulfur, thereby enhancing conductivity and cycle stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If melt infiltration method is used to prepare sulfur composite cathode material, then sulfur can be effectively combined with host material, but the preparation process becomes complicated with high energy consumption and long time period

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesulfur combination effectivenessVSAvoidpreparation process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the preparation parameters from high-temperature melt infiltration (150-160°C for 12-24 hours) to room-temperature or low-temperature chemical deposition using sulfur-containing solutions. This parameter change simplifies the preparation process while maintaining effective sulfur combination with the host material, resolving the contradiction between reliability and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical heating and melting process with a chemical deposition process where sulfur compounds are deposited onto the host material from solution. This substitution eliminates the need for high-temperature equipment and complex thermal control, reducing device complexity while maintaining effective sulfur combination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If melt infiltration method is used to prepare sulfur composite cathode material, then sulfur can be effectively combined with host material, but energy consumption increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesulfur combination effectivenessVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the temperature parameter from high-temperature melt infiltration (150-160°C) to room-temperature or low-temperature chemical deposition. This parameter change dramatically reduces energy consumption while maintaining effective sulfur combination with the host material through chemical bonding mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the thermal energy-intensive melting process with a chemical reaction process that occurs at low temperatures. The chemical deposition mechanism uses solution chemistry rather than thermal energy to achieve sulfur combination, significantly reducing energy consumption while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If melt infiltration method is used to prepare sulfur composite cathode material, then sulfur can be effectively combined with host material, but the preparation time becomes excessively long

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesulfur combination effectivenessVSAvoidpreparation time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the time parameter by using chemical deposition at room temperature or low temperature, which proceeds much faster than thermal diffusion in melt infiltration. The chemical reaction mechanism allows sulfur to deposit and bond with the host material in minutes to hours rather than 12-24 hours, reducing preparation time while maintaining effective combination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the slow thermal diffusion process of melt infiltration with a rapid chemical deposition process. The chemical mechanism allows for quick sulfur deposition onto the host material from solution, dramatically reducing preparation time while ensuring effective sulfur combination through chemical bonding.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Quantity of substance

If high sulfur content is used in cathode material, then energy density increases, but conductivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesulfur contentVSAvoidconductivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses conductive carbon materials as intermediary host materials to support high sulfur content while maintaining conductivity. The carbon matrix provides continuous conductive pathways that allow electron transport even at high sulfur concentrations, resolving the contradiction between energy density and conductivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates composite materials combining sulfur with conductive carbon hosts and potentially other conductive additives. This composite structure allows high sulfur content for energy density while the conductive carbon matrix maintains electrical conductivity, resolving the contradiction between quantity of sulfur and conductivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method simplifies the preparation process, achieves high sulfur utilization, maintains conductivity at high sulfur content, and demonstrates improved electrochemical performance and mechanical properties, making it suitable for large-scale application in lithium-sulfur batteries.

Implementation Method 1

mixing an elemental sulfur with an organic solvent to obtain a sulfur-containing suspension, where the sulfur-containing suspension includes a saturated solution of sulfur

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDissolution: Solvation

Implementation Method 2

mixing the sulfur-containing suspension obtained in step (1) with the host material, and removing an organic solvent, to obtain a sulfur composite cathode material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP3483958B1Sulfur composite cathode material and preparation method and application thereof
Publication Date: 2023.02.01 SUN YAT SEN UNIV
  • EP3483958B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3483958B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3483958B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The present invention provides a sulfur composite cathode material and a preparation method thereof. In the present invention, after a sulfur-containing suspension is mixed with a host material, the isolated sulfur of large particles is transformed into a uniform sulfur coating on the surface of the host material through the "solid-liquid-solid" phase transition process of elemental sulfur. Then the organic solvent is removed to obtain a sulfur composite cathode material; and the host material comprises a carbon material. The present invention has a simple preparation process and is easy to operate. By utilizing the dissolving-precipitating balance of the elemental sulfur in the selected organic solvent, through the strong interaction between the carbon material and the elemental sulfur dissolved in the organic solvent, the sulfur dissolved in the solution is continuously deposited on the surface of the host material, and the undissolved sulfur particles is continuously dissolved in the organic solvent, and then continuously deposited on the surface of the sulfur-carrying material, so as to obtain a uniform sulfur composite cathode material.